Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Open Access

Thomas W Gardner

Publications

• Review Article
  Beyond HbA_1c: Environmental Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy
  Author(s): Kristen Harris Nwanyanwu, Paula-Anne Newman-Casey, Thomas W Gardner and Jennifer I Lim Kristen Harris Nwanyanwu, Paula-Anne Newman-Casey, Thomas W Gardner and Jennifer I Lim
  
  Diabetic retinopathy affects 4.2 million people in the United States and is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged people. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, cost-effective interventions to decrease blindness from diabetic retinopathy will be paramount. While HbA1c and duration of disease are known risk factors, they account for only 11% of the risk of developing microvascular complications from the disease. The assessment of environmental risk factors for diabetic eye disease allows for the determination of modifiable population-level challenges that may be addressed to facilitate the end of blindness from diabetes. .. View More»
  DOI: 10.4172/2155-9570.1000405

  Abstract PDF

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