Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences
Open Access

Abstract

Hazardous Effects of Inorganic Sulphates and Nitrates Added in Milk Adulteration on Gut Probiotics

Ifra Riaz*, Syeda Rubina Gilani, Roshak Riaz

This study investigates the presence of inorganic sulfates and nitrates as adulterants in milk and their potential harmful effects on gut probiotics. Samples were collected from various regions in Lahore and Raiwind, with a focus on detecting these adulterants and evaluating their antimicrobial impact on beneficial gut bacteria, specifically Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Qualitative analysis revealed that sulfates were present in most samples, while nitrates were less frequently detected. Using the disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial activity of probiotics against these salts was assessed, revealing significant inhibitory effects, particularly from nitrates on gram-negative bacteria. The results suggest that the presence of inorganic sulfates and nitrates in milk not only compromises the nutritional quality but also poses serious health risks by adversely affecting the gut microbiome. The findings highlight the urgent need for stricter regulatory measures to prevent milk adulteration and protect consumer health, emphasizing the importance of consumer awareness and the potential therapeutic role of probiotics in mitigating the adverse effects of food adulterants.

Published Date: 2025-02-23; Received Date: 2024-10-03