Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9570
ISSN: 2155-9570
M. Johanna Liinamaa
Institute of Clinical Medicine,
P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu
Finland
Case Report
Alcohol Consumption, but Not Physical Activity or Smoking, Contribute To Advanced Forms of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case-Control Study
Author(s): Elina Varis, Markku J. Savolainen, Jaana Penna and M. Johanna LiinamaaElina Varis, Markku J. Savolainen, Jaana Penna and M. Johanna Liinamaa
Background: Modifiable risk factors, like dyslipidemia and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol use and physical activity, may have an impact in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy despite diabetes control and duration. Previous studies on the significance of alcohol consumption, physical activity/exercise and smoking, however, in diabetic retinopathy are conflicting. We investigated these lifestyle factors and their mutual interaction in diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This study is an observational, retrospective case-control study. The diabetic retinopathy group (DR) consisted of 182 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and proliferative diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. The patients were either laser-treated and/or had undergone vitrectomy. The control (DC) group comprised of 98 diabetic patients (type 1 or type 2) attending sc.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9570.S5-005