International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology
Open Access

A Brief Note on Cognitive Psychology

Vandrea Eva^{* *}Correspondence: Dr. Vandrea Eva, Department of Psychology, State Islamic University of Raden Intan, Lampung, Indonesia, Email:

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Description

Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology in its modern form incorporates a remarkable set of new technologies in psychological science.

Examples of things concentrated in this field are capacity to focus, memory, thinking and different functions and activities of the mind that are seen as a complex mental process. The concept of learning itself is likewise an illustration of cognition.

Behavioral psychology begins with the precept that all human way of behaving is learned and adaptable to the specific situation and environment. Behavior can be reinforced or punished in different ways, leading to increases or decreases of specific activities. As life advances, a set of ways of behaving is ultimately shaped by these experiences giving rise to a multifaceted human with varying interests, desires, pursuits, skills, and habits.

Cognitive psychology then again basically expects more agencythoughts and feelings are seen as more active in the process of behavior formation. Individuals are perceived to process thoughts that decide whether and how ways of behaving are to be completed (instead of being seen as a more passive recipient and producer of experiences or behavior).

Memory

The two fundamental kinds of memory are short-term memory and long-term memory; however, short-term memory has become better understood to be working memory. Cognitive psychologists often study memory in terms of working memory.

Working memory

However working memory is regularly considered as just shortterm memory, it is all the more obviously characterized as the capacity to process and maintain temporary information in a wide range of everyday activities in the face of distraction. The broadly known limit of memory of 7 ± 2 is a combination of both memories in working memory and long-term memory.

The Baddeley and Hitch model of working memory

Many models of working memory have been made. One of the most regarded is the Baddeley and Hitch model of working memory. It considers both visual and auditory stimuli, long-term memory to use as a reference, and a central processor to combine and understand it all.

A huge piece of memory is neglecting, and there is an enormous discussion among psychologists of decay theory versus interference theory.

Long-term memory

Modern conceptions of memory are usually about long-term memory and separate it into three principle sub-classes. These three classes are somewhat hierarchical in nature, in terms of the level of conscious thought related to their use.

Procedural memory will be memory for the performance of specific kinds of activity. Procedural memory includes stimulusresponse- type information, which is initiated through association with particular tasks, routines, etc.

Episodic memory is the memory of autobiographical events that can be explicitly expressed. It contains all memories that are transient in nature, for example, when one last brushed one's teeth or where one was when one heard about a major news event. Episodic memory regularly requires the deepest level of conscious thought, as it frequently arranges semantic memory and temporal information to formulate the entire memory.