Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques
Open Access
ISSN: 2157-7064
ISSN: 2157-7064
Short Communication - (2023)Volume 14, Issue 2
Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) is a powerful analytical technique widely used in various fields such as pharmaceutical, environmental, and industrial analysis. GLC is a type of chromatography that separates the components of a mixture based on their differences in distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase [1]. The stationary phase is a thin layer of a liquid or a polymer coated onto the inner surface of a glass or metal column, while the mobile phase is a gas that is used to elute the components of the mixture through the column. GLC is commonly used for the analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds with low molecular weights, such as alcohols, fatty acids, esters, hydrocarbons, and other organic compounds. The principle of GLC is based on the selective partitioning of the analyte molecules between the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is selected based on its ability to interact selectively with the analyte molecules [2]. The most commonly used stationary phases are polar or nonpolar liquids, such as silicone oil, polyethylene glycol, or dimethyl silicone. The choice of stationary phase depends on the nature of the analyte molecules and the separation requirements. The mobile phase is usually an inert gas, such as helium or nitrogen that is used to transport the analyte molecules through the column [3]. The choice of mobile phase also depends on the nature of the analyte molecules and the separation requirements.
The GLC system consists of several components, including a sample injection port, a column, a detector, and a data acquisition system. The sample injection port is used to introduce a small volume of the sample into the GLC system. The sample is usually dissolved in an appropriate solvent and injected using a syringe. The column is a long, thin tube made of glass or metal and coated with the stationary phase. The column is kept at a constant temperature using a temperature control system, which is important for maintaining the reproducibility of the separation [4]. The detector is used to detect the eluted analyte molecules and generate a signal that is proportional to their concentration. The most commonly used detectors in GLC are flame ionization detectors, thermal conductivity detectors, and electron capture detectors. The data acquisition system is used used to record and analyse the detector signals and generate chromatograms, which are graphical representations of the separation process. GLC can be performed using different modes of operation, such as isothermal, temperature-programmed, or multidimensional GLC. Isothermal GLC involves maintaining a constant temperature throughout the separation process, which is useful for the separation of compounds with similar boiling points. Temperature-programmed GLC involves increasing the temperature of the column at a constant rate during the separation process, which is useful for the separation of compounds with different boiling points [5].
Multidimensional GLC involves using two or more columns with different stationary phases and/or different temperature programs to achieve higher separation efficiency and selectivity.
GLC has several advantages over other analytical techniques, such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and resolution, fast analysis time, and low sample consumption. GLC is also a versatile technique that can be used for the analysis of a wide range of compounds in different matrices, such as air, water, soil, and biological fluids. GLC is also compatible with other techniques, such as mass spectrometry, which can provide additional information about the identity and structure of the analyte molecules.
Citation: Mangin P (2023) Pharmaceutical Analysis of Gas-Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sep Tech. 14: 507.
Received: 01-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. JCGST-23-23320 ; Editor assigned: 03-Mar-2023, Pre QC No. JCGST-23-23320 (PQ); Reviewed: 23-Mar-2023, QC No. JCGST-23-23320 ; Revised: 03-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. JCGST-23-23320 (R); Published: 12-Apr-2023 , DOI: 10.35248/2157-7064.23.14.507
Copyright: © 2023 Mangin P. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.