Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access

Vanessa Rivera-Amill

Publications

• Review Article
  Impact of Depression and Inflammation on the Progression of HIV Disease
  Author(s): Yainyrette Rivera-Rivera, Fabian J. Vazquez-Santiago, Elinette Albino, Maria del C. Sanchez, and Vanessa Rivera-Amill Yainyrette Rivera-Rivera, Fabian J. Vazquez-Santiago, Elinette Albino, Maria del C. Sanchez, and Vanessa Rivera-Amill
  
  The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic has negatively affected over 40 million people worldwide. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved life expectancy and changed the outcome of HIV-1 infection, making it a chronic and manageable disease. However, AIDS and non-AIDS comorbid illnesses persist during the course of infection despite the use of ART. In addition, the development of neuropsychiatric comorbidities (including depression) by HIV-infected subjects significantly affects quality of life, medication adherence, and disease prognosis. The factors associated with depression during HIV-1 infection include altered immune response, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and monoamine imbalance. Elevated plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels contribute to the development of depression and depressive-like behaviors in HIV+ subjects. In addition, comorbid depres.. View More»
  DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000423

  Abstract PDF

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