Journal of Clinical and Cellular Immunology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9899
ISSN: 2155-9899
Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Qatar
Review Article
From Individuals to Populations: Immunological and Epidemiological Significance of Co-infection in the Dynamics of HIV
Author(s): Diego F. Cuadros and Laith J. Abu-RaddadDiego F. Cuadros and Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Immunological activation in response to an invading organism is essential in order to support an effective host response to an invading pathogen. Paradoxically, it also provides an optimal immunological environment for the viral replication in HIV-positive individuals. Indeed, the life cycle of HIV is closely related to the activation state of its host cells since it depends on host cell surface receptor expression for entry, and also on many cellular pathways and transcription machinery for viral gene expression. In this review, we focused on the overall impact of immune activations generated by co-infection in the viral life cycle at host level leading to increases in HIV replication. Moreover, we discussed the epidemiological implications of this increment on the HIV viral load generated by coinfection. Here, we described how the intimate relationship between HIV and the activation.. View More»
DOI:
10.4172/2155-9899.S7-003