Journal of Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biol
Open Access
ISSN: 2375-4508
ISSN: 2375-4508
Nandini Manoli
Former Prof., Dept. of Pathology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, India
Keynote: J Fertil In vitro IVF Worldw Reprod Med Genet Stem Cell Biol
Since India belongs to the Low Middle Income Countries (LMIC) group of countries screening at rural areas still lack the facilities with, poverty and ignorance leading to mortality and morbidity of the rural women. The facilities are Conventional Pap Smear (CPS), Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) like manual and semiautomated eziprep methods, cell block technique (CB), HPV testing, p16 biomarker study wherever needed . The latest concept is of the microflora in the vagina influencing the causation of cervical cancer in LMIC, due to poor hygiene in the women. This can be studied by using Cervicovaginal Lavage Method (CVL). Method: The studies have been done of women attending gynaecology OPD, age ranging from 20 to 60 years. CPS has been the norm for screening cervical cancers. Its limitations with presence of obscuring factors like blood, mucus and inflammatory cells which reduces the detection of malignancie is overcame by using low cost Liquid Based Cytology methods, which makes the cells form a monolayer. It helps in performing ancillary techniques like HPV testing and Cell Block to increase the diagnostic accuracy. Biomarkers like p16INK4a which are important in differentiating CIN1 and CIN 2 can be done on LBC and Cell Block. Cervicovaginal study was done to detect infections .which, will be presented with each methodology showing range of cases like NILM, Bacterial Vaginosis, Koilocytic Atypia, LSIL ,HSIL and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Block showed its utility with use of p16 marker. HPV cases were diagnosed by using inhouse method. Cervicovaginal lavage method showed infective conditions and their relationship with HPV. We are showcasing our studies done over 10 year period by various methods of cervical conditions. Conclusion: All methods CPS, LBC, Cell block, Cervicovaginal method and HPV testing are useful for detecting and diagnosing cervical conditions in a LMIC country like INDIA.
Dr Nandini N. M, Professor, JSS Medical College, Mysore, is attached as a teaching faculty from the past 25 years in the department of pathology. She has worked in the field of cytology of cervix and breast. She has attended many national and international conferences in countries like U.K, USA, Singapore and Netherland. She has worked on liquid based cytology, cell block technique and has come up with indegenious methods. She has several publications and books to her credit written on cervical and breast cancer.