Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals
Open Access
ISSN: 1948-5964
ISSN: 1948-5964
Jaffer Shiffa Shurie and Amare Deribew
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: JAA
Background: Human immunodefi ciency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the cause of acquired immune defi ciency syndrome (AIDS), a major human viral disease with about 33.2 million people infected worldwide up to now. Failure in anti-AIDS treatment is observed due to the emergence of resistant viruses, cross-resistance to drugs and cell toxicity. Th e objective of this study is to study the in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity of fresh water mussel extract. Material and Methods: Live freshwater mussels (L. marginalis) were collected from various rivers of Adilabad, Karimnagar and Warangal district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Collected bivalves were washed and de-shelled; tissue and mantle fl uids were also collected. Th e material collected from each animal was divided into two equal parts for the preparation of Phosphate buff er saline (PBS) extract and acid enzyme hydrolysate. Th ese procedures yielded two types of extract from each animal. Th ey were designated as PBS extract and AEH (Acid enzyme hydrolysate) extract. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HIVinfected individuals (Viswakarma HIV/AIDS care centre, Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh) and healthy blood donors by fi coll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation method. Th e extracts (PBS and AEH) prepared from fresh water mussel tested for cytotoxicity on cultured PBMCs. HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was measured. Th e values are expressed in Mean and SD, performed by SPSS computer soft ware. Results: Diff erent extracts showing signifi cant activity. Th e cytotoxicity of the PBS extract on the T cells was CC50 = 6.1 μg/ml with a very narrow selectivity index (SI) of 2.7 while the CC50 value of AEH extract was 3.12 μg/ml with a very narrow selectivity index of 3.4. Th e extracts of PBS and AEH of the fresh water mussel are indicated that the anti‐HIV-1 replication eff ects with EC50 values of 2.25 and 0.93 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Th e present study has shown that crude extracts from the freshwater mussels have shown anti-HIV-1 activity. Two extracts (PBS and AEH) showed moderate to mild anti- HIV activities. Hence, there is a need to investigate chemically, the active fractions from these freshwater mussels in order to establish chemical constituents responsible for the cytotoxic and HIV-1 activities.