Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals
Open Access
ISSN: 1948-5964
ISSN: 1948-5964
Haryoung Poo
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: JAA
Although vaccine adjuvants have been used for almost a century, alum is only adjuvant licensed by the US FDA for human vaccine use. Many adjuvants studied to date have generated infl ammatory properties and lack specifi city in terms of targeting immune compartments and cell populations. It has been reported that toll-like receptors bind diff erent determinants to trigger unique infl ammatory cascade events that has yielded TLR agonist with adjuvant potential. Specifi c examples of TLR4 stimulation include bacterial derived adjuvant such as monophosphory lipid A (MPLA). Because TLR signaling may not be critical for Th 2 immune response, TLR agonists show particular promise as adjuvants of cytotoxic T cell activity. Currently, we reported that the innate immune responses induced by the treatment of 1-PGA in macrophages and DCs were mediated by TLR4 using MyD88 knock-out and TLR4 defi cient mice. We also found that 1-PGA nanoparticles strongly induced cytokine production, up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, and the enhancement of T cell stimulatory capacity in DCs. 1-PGA chitosan NPs are excellent vaccine carriers capable of delivering antigenic proteins to antigen-presenting cells and eliciting potent immune responses based on angiten specifi c cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Ag-mixed with 1-PGA nanoparticles are capable of inducing strong cellular and humoral immune responses. We also investigated the adjuvant eff ect of 11PGA nanoparticles using infl uenza split vaccine. Th ese fi nding indicates that 1-PGA nanoparticle may be a candidate of the future vaccine adjuvant.