Virology & Mycology
Open Access

Immunological Reactions Involved in Various Viral Diseases

Kairu D White^{* *}Correspondence: Kairu D White, Department of Virology, University of Tizi Ouzou, Ouzou, Algeria, Email:

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Description

Viruses cause viral infections. Skin rashes can be a symptom of many viral diseases, particularly those that frequently afflict babies and young children. Either an immunological reaction to the virus or virus-induced skin cell destruction results in viral rashes. Additionally, viral rashes may be unpleasant or sensitive to the touch. Symptoms such as fever, chills, body aches, and exhaustion determines a rash whether it is viral in origin or not.

Types of viral diseases

Measles: Measles is a disease that is extremely contagious caused by a virus. Numerous symptoms such as high fever, cough, runny nose, watery eyes and a rash that begins on the face and extends throughout the body. Usually, the rash appears in 3 to 5 days and comprises of flat pink or red patches. It can be of flat to slightly raised lumps and purplish-gray on darker skin. Immune system releases the immune cells after recognizing the virus and causes the elimination of virus from the body. These substances can irritate the skin, resulting in a rash.

Rubella: It is a viral infection caused by rubella virus. It can be identified by distinctive red rash which starts on face and spreads to rest of the body within 3 days. Also known as German measles generally causes a minor sickness in both children and adults. However, this may result in miscarriage and as well as severe birth abnormalities in children.

Mononucleosis: It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This virus is most common in young adults. Symptoms include extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in neck, skin rashes, swollen spleen, etc. These viruses spread through bodily fluids especially through saliva.

Chickenpox: The varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox, resulting in rashes with pustules packed with fluid. Those who are not vaccinated are at a significant risk of this disease.

There are normally three stages to the chickenpox rash:

1. The skin starts to develop rashes or lumps. Skin tone will determine whether they are pink, red, brown or purplish.

2. Blisters that are fluid-filled develop from these lumps.

3. Eventually, the blisters scab over and rupture.

Shingles: The virus that causes chickenpox also causes shingles infection. The chickenpox virus that has lain dormant in your nerves is reactivated in shingles. The virus spreads from nerves to skin when it reactivates. The shingles rash develops as the virus multiplies.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease: The coxsackie virus causes the widespread of infectious disease known as hand, foot, and mouth disease. Infectious agents from the enterovirus family cause this disease. Children under the age of five are frequently affected. Although it has the potential to spread quickly, it rarely results in significant illness.

Roseola: A typical viral infection that affects young children is roseola. It results in a rash, which typically appears after a fever. The roseola rash typically starts on the body's trunk. The hue of the child's skin will determine whether the spots are pink or darker tones. The spots may lighten in color when touched, indicating dilated tiny capillaries.

Zika virus: Most of the Aedes mosquitoes carrying the virus are responsible for spreading the Zika virus. If a person is infected with the virus at the time of pregnancy, it can be spread to the baby who could result in birth abnormalities. Red blotches and patches that originate on the face are frequent manifestations of the Zika virus rash. Then it spreads throughout the limbs and body [1-4].

Conclusion

Viruses frequently need to progress through their stages. They don't react to antibiotics like bacterial infections; therefore therapy mainly focuses on symptoms. By allowing body enough of rest and consuming plenty of fluids, healing process begins. Try using a cool compress or calamine lotion to the area if a person have an itchy viral rash.

References

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