Mycobacterial Diseases
Open Access

Enhancing Safety in Cosmetic Procedures with Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Maphkoi Kechnai^{* *}Correspondence: Maphkoi Kechnai, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon, Email:

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Description

Cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular worldwide, with millions undergoing procedures to enhance their appearance. However, these procedures are not without risks, and one significant concern is the potential for infections caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM). These infections, although relatively rare, can lead to serious complications if not promptly identified and treated. The nature of NTM infections, their symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures is crucial for both patients and healthcare providers. NTM are generally not contagious and do not spread from person to person. However, they can cause infections when they enter the body, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or through breaches in the skin during medical procedures. In the context of cosmetic surgery, NTM infections typically occur when surgical instruments, implants, or environmental surfaces are contaminated with these bacteria. Common species associated with post-surgical infections include Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum.

Occurrence of NTM infections after cosmetic surgery

NTM infections can arise from various lapses in sterilization and hygiene during cosmetic procedures. These include, reusable surgical instruments that are not adequately sterilized can harbor NTM. If non-sterile water is used for cleaning wounds or surgical sites, it can introduce bacteria. Poorly maintained operating rooms or clinics with inadequate infection control practices can increase the risk. Procedures performed in non-clinical settings, such as beauty salons or homes, often lack the necessary sterilization protocols. NTM infections can be challenging to diagnose because their symptoms often mimic those of other types of infections. Common signs include, persistent redness, swelling, or pain at the surgical site, Formation of nodules, abscesses, or pus-filled lesions, delayed wound healing, fever or systemic signs of infection in severe cases. The symptoms may appear weeks to months after the procedure, making it essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for NTM infections in patients with prolonged postoperative complications.

Early detection is crucial, as delayed treatment can lead to more severe complications. Management typically involves a combination of surgical debridement to remove infected tissue and prolonged antibiotic therapy tailored to the specific NTM species. Preventing these infections requires strict adherence to sterilization protocols, use of sterile water, and maintaining a clean surgical environment. Patient education on recognizing symptoms and seeking prompt medical attention is equally important to reduce the risk of complications.

Diagnosis and prevention of treatment

Diagnosing NTM infections requires laboratory testing, include, samples from the affected site are cultured to identify the specific NTM species. Tissue biopsy may reveal granulomas or other characteristic findings of mycobacterial infections. Techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can provide rapid identification of NTM species. Treatment of NTM infections can be challenging and often involves, long-term use of antibiotics, typically a combination of macrolides, aminoglycosides, or other drugs, is required. The treatment duration may extend for several months. In some cases, removal of infected tissues, implants, or abscess drainage may be necessary to control the infection. Regular follow-up is essential to assess treatment response and manage potential side effects of prolonged antibiotic use.

Preventing NTM infections in cosmetic surgery requires strict adherence to infection control protocols. Key measures include, ensure all surgical instruments and equipment are properly sterilized. Use only sterile or properly treated water for surgical procedures. Maintain high standards of cleanliness and infection control in operating rooms and recovery areas. Ensure that procedures are performed by qualified healthcare professionals in accredited medical facilities. Inform patients about the risks of infections and the importance of post-surgical care. Certain factors can increase the risk of NTM infections, including, underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or immunosuppression, extensive or complex cosmetic procedures, use of synthetic implants, which can serve as a surface for bacterial colonization and travel to regions with limited healthcare regulations for surgery.

Conclusion

Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections, though uncommon, are a serious complication of cosmetic surgery. Their insidious onset and resistance to standard antibiotics make them particularly challenging to manage. Awareness and vigilance by both patients and healthcare providers are essential to minimize the risks. By choosing accredited facilities, ensuring strict adherence to hygiene protocols, and promptly addressing any signs of infection, the risk of NTM infections can be significantly reduced, ensuring a safer cosmetic surgery experience.