Virology & Mycology
Open Access

Clinical Significance and Vaccine Development for Candida auris

Josh Pandey^{* *}Correspondence: Josh Pandey, Department of Immunology, University of Babaseheb, Bihar, India, Email:

Author info »

Description

Candida auris is a nosocomial fungus that is drug-resistant. Although the marine environment has recently been discovered to be a natural niche for C. auris, it is still unknown what environment may have led to the emergence and dissemination of antifungal resistance in C. auris. It was anticipated that since fruits are frequently treated with fungicides to avoid postharvest spoiling, stored fruits would act as a selecting force for and a transmission reservoir for isolates of pathogenic yeasts, including C. auris.

Candida auris develops as yeast. One of the few species of the genus Candida that can lead to candidiasis in people is this one. Hospital patients frequently get candidiasis when their immune systems are compromised. Invasive candidiasis (fungemia) caused by C. auris can infect the bloodstream, the central nervous system and internal organs. Due to its numerous medication resistances, it has garnered considerable interest.

One of the few Candida species that can cause candidiasis in people is Candida auris. Co-morbid conditions like diabetes, sepsis, lung disorders, and kidney ailments are frequently present when it first manifests. Due of its numerous medication resistance, Candida auris has received more clinical attention. More than 90% of C. auris isolates tested in vitro are fluconazole- resistant. Voriconazole is only effective against 3-73% of C. auris isolates, whereas other triazoles (posaconazole, itraconazole, and isavuconazole) have superior action. The majority of isolates are however susceptible to echinocandins; 13% to 35% of isolates were observed to be amphotericin B resistant. Blood Stream Infections (BSI) between 30 and 60 percent of patients with C. auris have reduced. However, many of these individuals also had additional severe diseases and disorders (comorbidities).

Vaccine development

There is presently no vaccination for Candida auris, however efforts have been made; in tests, mice were successfully inoculated against the fungus using the NDV-3A vaccine. Additionally, the immunization increased the bloodstream protection provided by the antifungal medication micafungin against C. auris infection.

Genome

From whole genome sequencing, some draught genomes have been made public. The genome of C. auris is 12.3 Mb-12.5 Mb in size and contains 44.5%-44.8% GC. It has been discovered that the C. auris genome has several genes for the ABC transporter family, a significant facilitator superfamily, which aids in explaining the organism's various drug resistance. Additionally, it has virulence-related gene families in its genome that enable colonisation, invasion, and iron uptake. These families include lipases, oligopeptide transporters, mannosyl transferases and transcription factors.

The existence of a group of genes known to be involved in biofilm formation is another factor causing antifungal resistance.

Conclusion

Candida auris is one of the few Candida species that can cause candidiasis in people. Invasive candidiasis (fungemia) caused by C. auris can infect the bloodstream, central nervous system, and internal organs. Co-morbid conditions like diabetes, sepsis, lung disorders, and kidney ailments are present when it first manifests. There is currently no vaccination for Candida auris, but efforts have been made to immunize mice against the fungus using the NDV-3A vaccine. The C. auris genome has several genes for the ABC transporter family, which aids in explaining the organism's various drug resistance.