Angiology: Open Access
Open Access

A Brief Note on Type of Vascular Diseases

Alper Even^{* *}Correspondence: Alper Even, Department of Cardiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, Email:

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Description

Vascular disease includes any condition that affects circulatory system, or system of blood vessels. It ranges from diseases of arteries, veins and lymph vessels to blood disorders that affect the blood flow. Blood vessels are elastic-like tubes that carry blood to each and every part of the body.

• Blood vessels include:

• Arteries that carry blood away from the heart.

• Veins that return blood back to the heart.

• Capillaries are the tiniest blood vessels, which link small veins and arteries, deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and take away their waste.

Types of vascular disease

A few vascular diseases affect arteries, while others happen in veins. They can likewise happen only in specific parts of the body.

Peripheral artery disease: Like the blood vessels of heart (coronary arteries), peripheral arteries (blood vessels outside heart) may also develop atherosclerosis, the build-up of plaque (fat and cholesterol deposits), inside them. Eventually, the narrowed artery causes less blood to flow, which may lead to ischemia, or insufficient blood flow to body's tissue. Different types of peripheral arterial disease include:

• Peripheral artery disease is a blockage in legs. Complete loss of circulation can lead to gangrene and loss of a limb.

• Intestinal ischemic syndrome is a blockage in the blood vessels leading to gastrointestinal system.

• Renal artery disease is a blockage in renal arteries can cause renal artery disease and kidney failure.

• Popliteal entrapment syndrome is a rare vascular disease that affects the legs of few young athletes. The muscle and tendons near the knee compress the popliteal artery, restricting blood flow to the lower leg and perhaps damaging the artery.

• Raynaud's phenomenon it consists of spasms of the small arteries of fingers and sometimes toes from exposure to cold or stress.

• Buerger's disease most commonly affects the small and medium-sized arteries, veins and nerves. Although the cause is unknown, there is a strong association with tobacco use or exposure to tobacco. The arteries of arms and legs become narrowed or blocked, causing lack of blood supply (the condition is called ischemia) to fingers, hands, toes and feet.

Venous disease: Veins are flexible, hollow tubes with folds inside called valves. Whenever muscles contract, these one-way valves open, and blood travels through veins. At the point when muscles relax, the valves close, keeping blood flowing in one direction through veins.

Blood clots: A clot forms when clotting factors in blood make it coagulate or become a solid, jelly-like mass. At the point when a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel (a thrombus), it can come loose and travel through bloodstream, causing a deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, heart attack or stroke.

Aortic aneurysm: An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in a blood vessel wall. Aneurysms can form in any blood vessel, however they occur most commonly in the aorta (aortic aneurysm) which is the main blood vessel leaving the heart.

Fibro Muscular Dysplasia (FMD) is an uncommon medical condition in which individuals have abnormal cellular growth in the walls of their medium and large arteries. This can cause the arteries with abnormal growth to look beaded and become narrow. This can cause issues with the arteries, including aneurysms and dissection.