Global Journal of Commerce & Management Perspective
Open Access

A Note on Public Policy

Maria Hernandez^{* *}Correspondence: Dr. Maria Hernandez, Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge Street, Cambridge, USA, Email:

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Description

Agenda setting

Setting the agenda identifies problems that require government attention, determines which concerns merit the most attention, and defines the problem's nature.

Social construction of problems

The majority of public issues arise from the reflection of social and ideological ideals. The nature in which norms, practises, and values are shown acceptable, unacceptable, desirable, or unattractive changes as civilizations and communities evolve. As a result, identifying critical problems to fix within 'top-down' political entities becomes challenging.

Policy stream and problem stream

The policy stream is a model established by John Kingdon to explain how compelling problems must be combined with two other elements that flow together in order to move onto the policy agenda. This confirms the policy window, a concept that depicts the essential time and situation in which a new policy could be justified. Because the definition of a public concern is ambiguous, it is frequently disputed and ignored. The Problem Stream is a policy method for determining how important problems are in order to develop policies and remedies.

Indicators: To bring relevance to specific phenomena, scientists use scientific measurements, qualitative, statistical data, and empirical proof.

Interpretation: Policymakers decide if a situation is serious enough to warrant response.

Ideology: The creation of problems that require attention requires elements of prevalent values, habits, and beliefs.

Instances: Media coverage helps by bringing issues to the attention of officials, prompting them to respond and address changes.

As a result, according to John Kingdon's model, the policy window emerges as a result of the formation and interaction of problems, politics, and policies, stressing the rare opportunity to stimulate and begin new policies.

Issue attention cycle

Anthony Downs coined the term "issue attention cycle," which describes how problems progress through five stages. As public attention fades, most problems resolve themselves or are disregarded by politicians, demonstrating how the policy agenda does not always lead to policy change. The following are the important stages:

Pre-problem stage: The problem is not recognized by public, media or policy makers.

Alarmed discovery and euphoric enthusiasm: Something is identified as a issue, supported awareness by media to pursue seriousness of problem.

Reali zation of costs which will be incurred by solutions: Investigating over cost-benefit analysis, bringing awareness of financial, environmental, structural curbs to consider solutions and what makes for their consequences.

Decline in public interest in issue: Citizens acquire acceptance of issue and it becomes 'normalized'. Newer issues attract attention of public. Limited attention span inspires policymakers to delay developing policy to see which public troubles request necessary and worthwhile solving.

Issue slips off, or back down, policy agenda: Issue effectively disappears, although it has possibility to re-emerge in other pressing situations.