Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Open Access

Abstract

Evaluation of Type 3 Neovascularization Following Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Matthew T Nguyen, Jeffrey C Liu, Peter L Nesper and Manjot K Gill

Objective: To analyze optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging of type 3 neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at baseline and following serial anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments.
Methods: This retrospective case series describes three treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization secondary to AMD based on clinical examination, fluorescein angiography (FA), and spectraldomain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Northwestern University. Visual acuity and OCTA imaging with quantitative analysis of the type 3 neovascular complex was obtained at baseline and following monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections.
Results: OCTA demonstrated resolution of cystoid macular edema in all three cases following anti-VEGF treatment. In one patient, resolution of the edema allowed enhanced visualization of the type 3 neovascular lesion due to intraretinal fluid obscuration at baseline. One case demonstrated persistence of larger vessels even after multiple anti-VEGF treatments. All cases showed improvement in visual acuity and reduction of type 3 neovascularization area on quantitative OCTA analysis.
Conclusion: OCTA analysis of type 3 neovascularization demonstrated regression of small caliber vessels following longitudinal anti-VEGF treatment. Cystoid macular edema resolved and visual acuity improved in all cases. OCTA supplements fluorescein angiography and spectral domain OCT by providing improved microvascular identification of type 3 lesions and treatment response which may help guide clinician management and patient expectations.