Journal of Cancer Research and Immuno-Oncology
Open Access
ISSN: 2684-1266
ISSN: 2684-1266
Santosh Kumar Mishra
S. N. D. T. Women�??s University, India
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Cancer Res Immunooncol
The author of this research, with scientific knowledge of sexual and reproductive health, argues that in the context of occurrence of cancer among women within the framework of sexual relationship, two aspects need to be emphasized upon: (1) unsafe vaginal intercourse (UVI), and (2) multiple sex partners (MSP). The term MSP refers to “engaging in sexual activities with two or more people, within a specific time frame”. It is evidenced within and outside the marriage; with both situations posing risk for cancer of various types among women. Sexual activity with MSP can happen simultaneously or serially. The MSP includes sexual activity, including ‘penetrative’ and ‘nonpenetrative’ sex, between people of a different gender or the same gender. There are serious cancer-related complications among engaging women in situations wherein either UVI or MSP (or both) are evidenced. 2 More specifically, women who have (had) two or more (lifetime) sexual partners are more likely to develop cervical cancer (CC). According to (considered) research view of the author, as the number of sexual partners' increases; they are more likely to contract the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV infection is the prime factor for: (a) CC cancer, and (b) invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Further, having vaginal intercourse with many partners can increase exposure to HPV, which is transmitted by sexual contact. For this reason, having many sexual partners is linked with a higher risk of CC. However, it is pertinent to note, at this juncture, that a woman can have HPV even when she has had only one sexual partner. Furthermore, analysis of data published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national governments, other specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN), and inter-governmental agencies is ample demonstration of the fact that there is a both direct and indirect link between MSP and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or even CC. It has also been found by medical scientists that the MSP may lead to bacterial vaginosis (BV) In the context of description presented above on inter-linkages among “cancer among women”, ‘MSP’ and ‘UVI’, the author of this work argues that “(lifetime) MSP are linked to heightened cancer risks among women who engage in vaginal intercourse with men who are (a) carriers of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), (b) do not use condom, (c) use condom during foreplay and actual intercourse, but end removing condom and ejaculating semen in vagina before ‘orgasm’ (defined as: the climax of sexual excitement that is usually accompanied by ejaculation of semen in the vagina) in the hope of getting more pleasure”. The issue of MSP has become more prominent in the present day situation (across the regions of the globe) which is marked by adolescent boys and girls (and men and women) getting sexually aroused very easily primarily due to (1) “easy and unrestricted access to porn sites”, and (b) “body parts near penis, vagina, buttocks and breast practically visible with transparent clothes that are worn”. For the purpose of this work, the author defines the term “sexual arousal” as: “feeling of being turned on sexually”. When men and women are turned on, their body experiences physical and emotional changes, with penis or clitoris getting erect (hard), engorged, and sensitive. This, in turn, results in a situation wherein there is feeling of wetness on vulva or vagina, or on the tip of penis. Thus, one of the most pressing problems needing answer is: “Is there a link between the number of sexual partners and cancer?” The present research paper primarily aims to seek answer to this question. Also, it outlines the framework within which limiting the number of sexual partners has potential to lower risk of cancer 3 among women. This research relies on secondary data (primarily ‘qualitative’), and method of analysis is ‘descriptive’. In addition to the secondary data, report of this (‘exploratory’) research essay also benefitted from interaction of the author with medical (Doctors) and Para-medical (nurses) professionals located in Singapore, the USA, Israel, Poland, Sweden, Tanzania, Turkey, Philippines, Canada, The UK, Ireland, Tajikistan, the Russian Federation, the UAE, and Belgium. The author of this presentation briefly concludes that: “more sexual partners, both within and outside the institution of marriage, lead to more cancer among women”. “Safe sex” and with “faithful partners” is key to prevention of cancer. Over and above, the author suggests (and strongly recommends) that as a part of “programs for prevention of cancer among women”, sex educators (including medical Doctors) and other involved stakeholders encourage MSP (a) “engage in non-penetrative sexual activities, including vaginal and anal intercourse”; (b) “practice oral sex leading to orgasm, with precaution that penis and vagina is being sucked with adequate hygiene practices”; and (c) get orgasm (without penetration) only by foreplay activities, more specifically (1) touching each other with minimal clothes on, (2) breast touching and kissing, (3) gentle touching and kissing of each other’s inner parts of thigh, (4) rubbing of penis with hand for prolonged time, as much as possible, without use of saliva, (5) gentle touching of areas surrounding vagina opening, without use of saliva, and (6) openly talking about sex (in pleasant frame of mind) with each wearing sex arousing ‘loose’, ‘comfortable’ and ‘transparent’ clothes that ensures that they can see each other’s sexually provoking body parts. Suggested measure [(c: get orgasm (without penetration)] has (1) scientific base; and (b) strong potentiality for prevention of almost all types of cancer among women, as any of the sexual activities (under this measure) do not involve both kissing and penetration which are risk factors.
Santosh Kumar Mishra was retired on June 30, 2020 from Population Education Resource Centre (PERC), Department of Lifelong Learning & Extension [DLLE, previously known as Department of Continuing & Adult Education & Extension Work (DCAEEW)], S.N.D.T. Women's University (SNDTWU), Mumbai, India. I underwent training in demography, with award of Government of India Fellowship, during 1986-1987 from the IIPS, Mumbai, India. Also, I acquired Ph. D. from University of Patna in 1999. My other qualifications include (a) Post-Master’s Diploma in Adult & Continuing Education, (b) Certificate Course on Hospital and Health Care Management, (c) Diploma in Human Resource Development, (d) I have authored (some co- authored) (a) 5 booklets (including teaching-learning materials: published by PERC, DLLE, SNDTWU); (b) 4 books; (c) 23 book chapters; (d) 81 journal articles; (e) 2 monographs; (f) 7 research studies (published by the DLLE, SNDTWU); (g) 56 papers for national & international conferences (some with bursary/travel grant).