Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome
Open Access

Effects of calorie restriction on insulin resistance: a potential Diabesity prevention

European Endocrinology and Diabetes Congress

August 05, 2021 | Webinar

Ana Napoleao,Livia Fernandes,Catia Miranda,Ana Paula Marum

Medical Student, Portugal,CN, Nutritionist, Portugal,CN, Nutritionist, Portugal,MD, Medical Doctor, Portugal

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: EMS

Abstract :

Diabesity, the coexistence of diabetes and obesity, has become a recent pandemic, implying a rising need for preventive approaches. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most robust nutritional intervention known to increase health span. CR improves cardiometabolic risk parameters, boosts exercise insulin sensitivity response, and may have long term benefits on healthy young and middle-aged individuals. Moderate CR can prevent and reverse the harmful effects of the accumulation of excessive body fat and obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Insulin resistance is one of the most significant factors implicated in these results. Metabolic pathways and pathophysiological mechanisms are well known (figure 1). In the CALERIE 2 trial CR resulted in a significant improvement in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity index, and metabolic syndrome score. BIOSPHERE 2 and CRON studies showed similar results. Ketosis-inducing diets represent a group of diets that induce the production of ketone bodies, comprising: diets with low carbohydrate content, normoproteic content and high-fat content, such as classic ketogenic diet, fasting mimicking diet, very-low-calorie ketogenic diet and Spanish ketogenic Mediterranean diet; and diets in which the individual restricts the eating period, having intermittent ketosis, such as intermittent fasting. Ketosis-inducing diets have shown promising results on the improvement of insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose, and on the reduction of perceived hunger with weight loss. A consensus paper by the American Diabetes Association concluded that diets with low carbohydrate content (including those leading to physiological ketosis) “have been shown to reduce glycated hemoglobin and the need for anti-hyperglycemic drugs”. In summary, CR, including ketosis-inducing diets, may play a role in diabesity prevention. Yet, most studies are designed for obese or diabetic individuals, in which dietary approaches have a secondary prevention and treatment goal. Nonetheless, primary prevention is pivotal, and so we must understand how different dietary approaches reduce the long-term incidence of diabesity.

Biography :

Ana Napoleão (speaker) is a Medical Student at the University of Lisbon. She is also doing a Master on orthomolecular medicine at the Spanish Society of Precision Health, and recently published about calorie restriction and ketosis inducing diets. Lívia Fernandes is Graduated in Nutrition from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil) and has a Master in Gastronomic Sciences from Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal). She has experience in research along the lines involving obesity, eating behaviour and intervention strategies. Currently works with Clinical Nutrition. Cátia Miranda has a Master’s in Clinical Nutrition, a Degree in Nutrition Sciences and Food Engineering, and an Advanced Course in Functional Nutrition. She is currently a certified trainer in the field of Nutrition Sciences and works in Clinical Functional and Integrative Nutrition. Ana Paula is a Medical Doctor with a Master’s in Clinical Nutrition. She is an Integrated Clinical Director, leading a multidisciplinary clinical team. Specialist in orthomolecular medicine, functional and integrative medicine, and Lecturer at a higher school of health. Has conducted clinical trials on Low FODMAPs diet.