Journal of Clinical Toxicology
Open Access
ISSN: 2161-0495
+44 1478 350008
ISSN: 2161-0495
+44 1478 350008
Syamantak Mani Tripathi1, MeghaKadam Bedekar2, Rajesh K Sharma1, Prem Kumar G3, Manohara C3, Shyamala R4 and B C Sarkhel5
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Clin Toxicol
Acephate, widely used insecticide in agriculture, is a common environmental contaminant. Although health effects of the acephate
are documented, however developmental immunotoxic studies are scanty and need more attention. Medicinal plants, since
times immemorial, have been used virtually in all cultures as a source of medicine for altering the immune systems. A group of
medicinal plant including Apamarg (Achyranthes aspera) and BhuiAmla (Phyllanthus niruri) growing in India were examined for
their immunomodulatory effect in White Leghorn cockerels. The present study was undertaken in day-old white leghorn cockerels to
assess immunotoxicity for subchronic exposure to acephate. The chicks were divided into nine groups. Groups C1 and C2 served as
plain control and vehicle control respectively. Chicks of groups T1, T2 and T3 were administered acephate suspended in groundnut
oil at 21.3 mg/kg, 28.4 mg/kg and 42.6 mg/kg respectively orally for up to 60 days. Chicks of groups T1+Aa, T2+Aa, T3+Aa, T1+Pn,
T2+Pn and T3+Pn were administered acephate together with extract of two medicinal plants A. aspera and P. niruri extract suspended
in groundnut oil at 21.3 mg/kg+Aa (1ml), 28.4 mg/kg+Aa (1ml) and 42.6 mg/kg+Aa (1ml), 21.3 mg/kg+Pn (1ml), 28.4 mg/kg+Pn
(1ml) and 42.6 mg/kg+ Pn (1ml) respectively orally for 60 days. All the chicks were vaccinated with Ranikhet disease virus (F-strain;
RD-F) on days 1 and 30. During the course of study and at term, parameters of cellular and humoral immunity were determined.
The live body weight gain, absolute and the relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, antibody response to RDF,
delayed type hypersensitivity response to 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene or PHA-P were significantly reduced in the medium and
extremely toxic treatment groups. The ability of lymphocytes proliferation in response to antigen RD-F and mitogen Con A was also
significantly suppressed following subchronic exposure to acephate. Furthermore, histopathologically, bursa and spleen showed mild
depletion of lymphocytes. No significant alteration in the live body weight gain, absolute and the relative weights of spleen, thymus
and bursa of Fabricius, antibody response to RDF, delayed type hypersensitivity response to 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene or PHA-P,
the ability of lymphocytes proliferation in response to antigen RD-F and mitogen Con A and histopathology of bursa and spleen were
observed in the birds concurrently exposed to acephate and A. aspera and P. niruri. Therefore, immunotoxicological effects should
be considered when assessing the acephate risk to human and animal health. It was concluded that subchronic acephate exposure at
low concentrations may affect immune responses in avian species. Furthermore, the immunotoxicity induced by acephate could be
efficiently ameliorated by A. aspera and P. niruri.
Syamantak Mani Tripathi is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
Chhattisharh Kamdhenu Vishwavidalya, Durg-491001 (Chhattisgarh) India. He has over six years experience with hand-on applications including teams of researchers
and technicians in the Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biotechnology division. His training and experience also includes applied animal investigation skills as a research
scholar in the field of pesticide induced immunotoxicology and safety pharmacology studies. He has worked in multiple successful research projects funded by Indian
Council of Agricultural Research and Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, supporting clinical development and leading to strong regulatory submissions for
pesticides uses in agriculture. His research program is focused on the study of immune response to pesticide and xenobiotics in avian model. He received his Bachelor’s
in Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry from Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur (MP), India; Master’s of Veterinary Pharmacology from Anand
Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat), India and his PhD in Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology from the Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University at Jabalpur
(MP), India. His academic work was focused on “Immuno-genotoxicity of organophosphorous insecticide ‘acephate’ in white leghorn birds”. His work contributes towards
understanding the molecular mechanism of acephate toxicity in avian model; studying interleukin gene(s) associated with immunity and development of test series to study
immunotoxicity. He has Memberships included in the Indian Society of Toxicology, Indian Society of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology.