Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry: Open Access
Open Access

Scope and Biological Background of Pharmacognosy

Mariusz Zahbi^{* *}Correspondence: Dr. Mariusz Zahbi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal College of Medical Sciences,Dharan, Nepal, Email:

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Description

Pharmacognosy is the systematic study of medicines or crude medications created from natural sources like plants, microbes, and animals. It includes study of their biological, chemical, organic chemistry, and physical properties. Pharmacognosy is research that involves a detailed examination of medicine derived from natural sources, including its name, habitat, collection, culture, macroscopy, microscopy, physical qualities, chemical contents, therapeutic effects, applications, and additives. The word pharmacognosy is derived from two words: pharmakon means drug and gignosco means to accumulate information about something.

It includes a systematic study of crude drugs from nature. The study of pharmacognosy includes the history, distribution, cultivation, collection, process, and preservation. It additionally includes the study of physical, chemical, and structural characteristics and also the benefits of crude drug. In short, pharmacognosy is the study of medicine from natural origin. Drugs of natural origin are obtained by plants, animals (terrestrial additionally as marine) and minerals.

Plants and organisms are utilized in a range within the production of typical and various medicines. The helpful active ingredient of the plant is also found at anyplace in its natural objects, like within the floral leaf or stem of a flower.

History of pharmacognosy

Humans have created drugs from plants and different organisms for hundreds of years, thus pharmacognosy being normally thought of as the oldest branch of pharmacy. There's 5000-yearold proof of drug production on Sumerian clay from Nagpur, and around twelve ancient medicative recipes are found with plant ingredients like flowers and mandrakes, which may be Mediterranean plants within the woody plant family.

The production of medicine from plants is additionally documented in several ancient times. Through the ages, data has been discovered that refers to humans creating medicines from garlic, mustard, cabbage, parsley, and mint. No country or nation dominated drug production, exploitation, plants, and organisms.

Scope of pharmacognosy

Pharmacognosy is important in the development of various disciplines of science. A pharmacognosist should possess sound information of the terms accustomed describe the vegetable and animal medication as lined beneath phytology and zoological science, severally. The information of plant taxonomy, plant breeding, plant pathology, and plant biology information is useful in the development of cultivation technology for meditative and aromatic plants. One should have the fundamental information of organic chemistry and chemical engineering is crucial for the development of the assortment, process, and storage technology of crude medication.

• Pharmacognosy is a very important branch of pharmacy that is taking part in a key role in new drug discovery and development by use of natural products.

• It is a crucial link between fashionable drug systems (allopathy) and the ancient system of drugs.

• It acts as an association between material medical, medicative chemistry, pharmacotherapeutics, and additionally pharmacy.

• Pharmacognosy will offer safe and effective medication with a recent drug system.

• Pharmacognosy includes information regarding the safe use of medications together with toxicity, aspect effects, and drug interactions, thereby increasing the effectiveness of recent drugs.

• Pharmacognosy is a crucial link between material medical and medicative chemistry.

• Pharmacognosy is the origin for the development of novel medicines. Most of the compounds obtained from natural products function as sources for the development of the latest drugs that have a lot of active and fewer toxicants.

• By means of pharmacognosy, natural products are distributed, developed and made in acceptable to the fashionable system of drugs.

• The advancement of pharmacognosy also leads to the advancement of phytology, taxonomy, plant biotechnology, plant biology, plant pathology, pharmacy, material medical, photochemistry, and other fields of science.

Traditional and alternative system of medicines in India

Traditional drugs refers to health practices, approaches, information, and beliefs incorporating plant, animal, and mineral based mostly medicines, religious therapies, manual techniques, and exercises, applied singularly or together to treat, diagnose, and forestall diseases or maintain well-being.

Alternative medicine may be a term that describes medical treatments that area unit used rather than ancient (mainstream) therapies. Some individuals additionally see it as integrative or "complementary" drugs. Different types of other system of medicines in India: Ayurveda, Unani drugs, Homeopathy, Siddha, Sowa-Ripa, Acupuncture, Yoga and Naturopathy.

Conclusion

Pharmacognosy deals with the natural medicine obtained from organisms like most plants, microbes, and animals. Up to date, several necessary medicines together with opiate, atropine, galanthamine, etc. have originated from natural sources that still are sensible model molecules in drug discovery. Ancient drugs is additionally a neighborhood of pharmacognosy and most of the aggregation countries still depend upon the employment of flavoring medicines.