Journal of Osteoporosis and Physical Activity
Open Access

Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis

Yanyun Han^{* *}Correspondence: Yanyun Han, Department of Osteoporosis, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, Email:

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The Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a group of disorders which are characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia (elevated triglyceride (TG) and low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels). From the perspectives of both specific specialists and the general public's health, the epidemic of diabetes, strokes, and coronary heart disease is a risk factor for MS. One of the most common chronic diseases, osteoporosis is thought to reduce Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and quality as well as an increased risk of fractures. It affects over 200 million individuals worldwide. According to changes in BMD determined by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) T score, the World Health Organization (WHO) has divided potential patients into three classifications to help define osteoporosis: normal BMD (+1 to 1), osteopenia or low bone mass (1 to 2.5), and osteoporosis (2.5 or below).

MS and osteoporosis are more likely to coexist in the same patient as the world's population ages, which may have an effect on both quality of life and healthcare resources. Osteoclast differentiation and osteoblast activity are regulated by insulin signaling, which may degrade bone quality and lead to the development of osteoporosis. However, we believe that the WHO diagnostic criteria, which divide BMD (continuity variable) into osteoporosis and osteopenia, are more clinically important (categorical variable). The meta-analysis by Zhou et al. revealed that MS had a negative impact on BMD in males but not in women, but the meta-analysis by Xue et al. suggested that MS may have a positive impact on BMD. However, we believe that the WHO diagnostic criteria, which divide BMD (continuity variable) into osteoporosis and osteopenia, are more clinically important (categorical variable). Osteopenia is a transition from osteoporosis, which is typically thought of as a reversible condition, to normal BMD. There was no evidence of a correlation between MS and decreased BMD in our metaanalysis which compared normal BMD to decreased BMD (which includes both osteopenia and osteoporosis).

There may have been no apparent association between MS and osteoporosis in women due to menopause. The majority of the women in our meta-analysis were postmenopausal and older. The reduction in estrogen production that occurs at menopause, which is one of the main risk factors for osteoporosis, it may decrease the beneficial effects of MS on the bones. Subgroup analysis also revealed a number of study-level factors that contribute to variability, including the MS definition, the origin of the research population, the calibre of the study, and the covariate adjustment. First, using NCEPATP III criteria rather than other criteria to diagnose individuals, we found a substantial connection between MS and osteoporosis (includes CDS criteria and harmonisation criteria). According to NCEPATP III or other criteria participants were identified as having MS if they fulfilled three or more of the following criteria: obesity, hypertension, low HDL-C levels, high fasting blood glucose, or high triglycerides. The other two criteria differed from the NCEPATP III criteria even though they were comparable.

The source of the study population's genetic composition may help to explain the correlation between osteoporosis and MS. Heritable factors that affect the risk of osteoporosis include variations in the size, shape, and height of the bones. We only discovered a statistically significant correlation between MS and osteoporosis in the unadjusted model (univariate analysis). Our meta-analyses' results showed that individuals with MS have a lower risk of osteoporosis. Moreover, gender-specific subgroup analysis revealed that only males and not women had significant inverse relationships. Additionally, the classification of MS, the origin of the study population, and the adjustment of variables were likely related to the connection between osteoporosis and MS.