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Dynamic Simulation of a Crankshaft
Advances in  Automobile Engineering

Advances in Automobile Engineering
Open Access

ISSN: 2167-7670

+44 1300 500008

Research Article - (2016) Volume 5, Issue 2

Dynamic Simulation of a Crankshaft

Ihsan Uluocak* and Hakan Yavuz
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey, E-mail: EMcCubbin@gi.org
*Corresponding Author: Ihsan Uluocak, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey Email:

Abstract

Crankshafts are one of the most important parts of a reciprocating engine. İt basically connects driveline system to the pistons which gives the motion. Main aim of Crankshaft systems designs are to have lower bearing forces, lower torsional vibrations and higher fatigue strength. But, due to complexity of the geometry, lack of manufacturing quality and nonlinear forces, it is hard to analyze the characteristics of the crankshaft. In this paper, a 2D representation of a crankshaft model was built with load information from connecting rods and other specifications. The resultant bearing forces and harmonics of the crankshafts were calculated with given data. The AVL Excite software program was used to simulate the crankshaft of an engine.Crankshafts are one of the most important parts of a reciprocating engine. İt basically connects driveline system to the pistons which gives the motion. Main aim of Crankshaft systems designs are to have lower bearing forces, lower torsional vibrations and higher fatigue strength. But, due to complexity of the geometry, lack of manufacturing quality and nonlinear forces, it is hard to analyze the characteristics of the crankshaft. In this paper, a 2D representation of a crankshaft model was built with load information from connecting rods and other specifications. The resultant bearing forces and harmonics of the crankshafts were calculated with given data. The AVL Excite software program was used to simulate the crankshaft of an engine.

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Keywords: Torsional vibration; TV damper; Crankshaft

Introduction

All rotating machine assemblies experience torsional vibrations while working. As a result, rotating and reciprocating devices must be observed with respect to torsional vibration in order to avoid failures. Torsional vibration leads noise, wear and efficiency decrease.

Magnitude of torsional vibrations leads extra stresses on shafts. These stresses have relationship between operating speed and natural frequencies of shaft systems. This stress also relies on stress concentrations and damping coefficients.

Huge amount books and technical papers Wachel and Szenasi [1] are done on torsional vibration, so the phenomenon is generally thought to be well understood and controlled. However, torsional vibration problems still happen in reciprocating engines. Most of the studies are carried out with the aid of finite element method since the methodology saves cost and time and it is able to solve problems with complicated geometry shape [2].

Different ways have been tried to control torsional vibration of reciprocating engine, such as improving the balance of crankshaft, designing dynamic vibration absorber at end of crankshaft, using torsional vibration damper (TVD). The TVD is one more reliable way to control vibration.

AVL Excite software is used for modelling and simulation of the reciprocating engine and all calculations and restrictions are also done on Cukurova University Automotive Engineering Laboratory.

Materials and Methods

TV dampers are used to decrease torsional vibration effects. Damping refers to the extraction of kinetic energy from a vibrating system by means of thermal conversion [3]. It has the effect of keeping the vibration deflection within acceptable limits once the resonance point has been passed. Damping refers to the extraction of kinetic energy from a vibrating system by means of thermal conversion [4]. It has the effect of keeping the vibration deflection within acceptable limits once the resonance point has been passed (Figure 1).

advances-automobile-engineering-Transmissibility-graph

Figure 1: Transmissibility graph.

The damping factor d is coupled to the damping ratio ? by:

equation   (1)

Where;

? = damping ratio (relation of damping energy/spring energy)

? = natural frequency of the TV damper

d = relative damping

c = torsional stiffness of the damper

The natural frequency of the damper is calculated from;

equation   (2)
equation   (3)

where;

n = engine speed,

i = engine order,

J [kgm2] = Mass moment of inertia of the damper ring,

In order to model and simulate the system AVL Excite software is used. It leads crank train and driveline design analysis with less set of data and performs modal analysis of the system and determines its torsional frequencies and torsional modes, as well as critical speeds [5-8]. And finally, AVL Excite can results of dynamic forced response calculation include dynamic torques, angular displacements, and dissipation power of torsional vibration damper (Figure 2).

advances-automobile-engineering-Engine-illustration

Figure 2: Engine illustration.

The required conrod and bearing parameters are entered on Excite designer part. The crankshaft details such as geometric parameters are entered with shaft modeller branch. On shaft modeller branch TV damper values and crankshaft stiffness values and geometric details are entered as seen in Figure 3.

advances-automobile-engineering-Shaft-modeller

Figure 3: Shaft modeller.

On this paper, one parametric analyse of TV damper will be done. TV damper inertia and TV damper stiffness will be changed between 0.003-0.005 kg.m2 and 1.107-3.107 N.m/rad. The observed parameters are total maximum stress on the crankshaft part, maximum torque on the crankshaft, the maximum deformation on TV damper, maximum dissipated power.

Results and Discussion

The models were run for the applied boundary and loading conditions. Maximum dissipated power is shown in Figure 4. Higher torsional stiffness and TV damper inertias leads dissipated power to higher magnitudes [9]. It is found that maximum dissipated power of elastic rubber of TV damper dissipated 210 W too much dissipated power can lead rubber to burn.

advances-automobile-engineering-Maximum-deformation

Figure 4: Maximum total deformation graph.

Maximum total deformation of TV damper is also illustrated in Figure 5. The maximum deformation changes within the range 0.4 deg to 0.7 deg. And maximum deformation can be achieved with 2.107 torsional stiffness values. Damper ring inertia has nearly linear relationship with deformation magnitude.

advances-automobile-engineering-total-deformation

Figure 5: Total deformation illustration.

The other step of the simulation was the maximum torque analysis. In this analysis, it is seen that maximum torque occurs at web8. The result shows that the total torque is higher with lower stiffness values of TV damper (Figure 6).

advances-automobile-engineering-Maximum-torque

Figure 6: Maximum total torque graph.

Last step of simulation was maximum total stress on the crankshaft. That graph shows how torsional vibration can increase the stresses until 66 MPa and leads failures [10]. Higher torsional stiffness values can increase the safety while decreasing magnitude of stress (Figure 7).

advances-automobile-engineering-Maximum-stress

Figure 7: Maximum total stress graph.

Conclusion

From the AVL Excite simulation tests, the following results were summarized;

• TV Damper inertia and stiffness values have a huge impact on mechanical properties of reciprocating engines.

• Lower stiffness values increase the torsional torque on the system.

• Decreasing the inertia of the damper can eliminate deformation and dissipated power on the TV damper

• All tests results revealed that web8 part of crankshaft is the most critical part due to higher torque values on it.

• Maximum stress on the crankshaft have relationship between TV Damper stiffness value

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge AVL-AST, Graz, Austria for providing us AVL-Excite Designer under the AVL-Çukurova University Partnership Program.

References

  1. Wachel JC, Fred SR (1993) Analysis of torsional vibrations in rotating machinery. Proceedings of Twenty-Second Turbo-machinery Symposium, Turbo-machinery Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas pp: 127-152.
  2. Norton RL (1999) Design of machinery - An introduction to the synthesis and analysis of mechanism and machines. pp. 1-924
  3. Parikyan T, Resch T, Priebsch HH (2001) Structured model of crankshaft in the simulation of engine dynamics with AVL EXCITE. Proceedings of 2001 Fall Technical Conference of ASME ICE Division 3: 105-114.
  4. Parikyan T (2009) Unified approach to generate crankshaft dynamic models for 3D and torsional vibration analyses. ASME Paper No: ICES2003-591, Proceedings of 2003 Spring Technical Conference of ASME ICE Division.
  5. Feese T, Hill C (2009) Prevention of torsional vibration problems in reciprocating machinery. Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Turbo-machinery Symposium 38: 213-238.
  6. Delprete C, Genta G, Brusa E (1997) Torsional vibration of crankshafts: Effects of non-constant moments of inertias. Journal of Sound and Vibration.
  7. Topaç MM, Ercan S, Kuralay NS (2016) Design and analysis of a multi-stage torsional stiffness dual mass flywheel based on vibration control. Applied Acoustics 20: 67–79.
Citation: Uluocak I, Yavuz H (2016) Dynamic Simulation of a Crankshaft. Adv Automob Eng 5:143.

Copyright: © 2016 Uluocak I, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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