Anthropology
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Comparison Of Glycemic Behavior Between Strength Training, High Intensity Resistance Training (Hirt), High Intensity Interval Training (Hiit): A Case Study

Kamila Silva Arão, Lucas Carlos Gonçalves, Marcelo Henrique Silva, Camila Simões Seguro, Naiany Pereira Silva and Vitor Alves Marques^{* *}Correspondence: Vitor Alves Marques, Laboratory of Human Moviment Evaluation, Physical Education College, Federal University of Goias, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Sambaia, Brazil, Email:

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Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) that affects about 425 million adults worldwide [1], 90% of diabetics are type 2 (DM2). Therefore, DM2 is characterized by the fact that insulin unable to perform its functions normally. Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes can ofeten be prevented, while early diagnosis and access to appropriate care for all types of diabetes can prevent or delay complications in people living with the disease [1].

Physical exercise brings several benefits to diabetics, this is due to the improvement in blood glucose uptake, increase in muscle mass, improvement in body composition, biochemical aspects (cholesterol, glycated hemoglobina). Some authors such as Maiorana et al., [2] presente in their study the relationship of glycemic control and physical exercise (circuit combining aerobic and resitance training) in diabetic individuals.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) refers to training that involves alternating periods between vigorou (intense) exercise and restor recovery. According to Lanzi et al., [3] HIIT quickly induces adaptations that are linked to improved aerobic fitness and health-related out comes in sedentary and overweight/ obese individuals

As it is a growing chronic disease in the world population, further studies on training methods, physical exercise related to chronic diseases, especially DMS, are needed. This article is relevant for comparing and discussing methods that are still little used in DM2 people. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of the glycemic curve in three diferente typesof training: Strength Traingin (ST), High Intensity Resistance Training (HIRT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

Material and Methods

In this case study, a type 2 diabetic adult man (C.C.S) was selected, with (Table-1). After being informed about the objectives and possible risks, benefits and discomforts of the study, the volunteer signed the term informed consent (TIC). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Comittee of the Federal Universityof Goiás (CAAE: 50717115.4.0000.5083).

Table1: Participant Characteristics.

The volunteer performed three training sessions with a week recovery between each one as described in [Table -2]. Muscle strength measurements were perfomed using a 10 RM strength testo n theLeg 45° and the bench press [4]. The execution techniques for the Leg 45° and bench press exercises followed the guidelines of the NSCA (National Strength and Conditioning Association) [5].

Table 2: Study Design.

Exercises Protocol

The resistance exercise protocol consisted of three sets at 60% of RM, 8 to 12 repetitions, cadence 2010, the 2-minute restinterval [6], for Legpress, stiff, bench press exercise (free bar), supine and abdominal pull.

The HIIT protocol training sessions involved a 5-minute warm-up moderate load – 4 shots of 30 secondsof high intensity duration separated by 4 minutes of rest or light cycling, for a total time of 23 minutes per training session [7].

The HIRT protocol consisted of three sets with six repetition sat 80% of 1RM followed by rest for 20 seconds, the individual performs another series with the same load until reaching the point off ailureagain. The rest o fone exercises and another is 2’30” [8]. Leg press, stiff, bench press, supine pull exercises were used.

Materials Used

To assess blood glucose, the glucometer (Accu Check Active, mod. 18946, Brazil) was used to measure body mass using na analog scale (Filizola^®, mod. Personal 7708, Brasil) Height was obtained using a stadiometer (Seca^®, Brazil) with na accuracy of 0.1 cm, respectively according to the procedures described by Lohman, Roche and Martorell [9]. From the division of body mass by the square of height, the body mass index (BMI) was obtained [10].

Results

The behavior of glycemia was observed pre and post effort in ST, HIRT and HIIT training and the [Table- 3] show the results obtained in each of the methods used.

Table 3: Glycemic behavior in situations and moments measurement.

Discussion

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the glycemic curve in three types of training: ST, HIRT and HIIT, from the evaluations of the three methods, HIIT was the training that had a greater reduction in blood glucose of 38.8% before and after.

The ST showed reductions in post-physical exertion assessments even with a single training session. A study by Castaneda [11], with the objective of verifying the effectiveness of resitance training in the glycemic controlof DM2 adults, performed in 16 weeks with 62 adults of both sexes, resulted in the reduction of plasma levels of glycated hemoglobina and increased lean mass

In this case study, HIRT was not very eficient in reducing postexercise blood glucose, despite na assessment of the acute effect, but a study by Dunstan [12] for 6 months showed that HIIRT was effective in improving other aspect ssuch as muscle strenght. Probably this difference between the studies ocurred due to the time of training, the first being only one session and the second for 6 months.

The HIIT was the most effective method among the three methods used, with the highest levels of reducion compared to pre-effort, some studies also point out the effectiveness of HIIT in more training sessions and also na assessment over 30 minutes. In the study by Francois and Little [13], it shows that training HIIT for twoweeks, with three weekly sessions were effective in reducing the average of 24 hours of blood glucose.

Despite the diferent data for each training method the three caused changes in blood glucose levels corroborating with the studies previously presented, in which regardless of the method directly influences blood glucose homeostasis, in addition, insulin promotes the uptake of glucose by cells of muscle and adipose tissue, that is, when the individual performs the exercise of the cells increase the uptake of circulating glucose, transforming the min to energy that will be used by the muscle and improving glycemic rates and insulin metabolism that is increasing muscle mass, the better the use of glucose and the lesser the use for adipose tissue [14].

As a limitation of the study we had only one sample, short duration and there was no greater control over the eating plan, as this study is a case study and uses only one sample the results are restricted due to the number of individuals evaluated. For future research it is interesting to evaluate a larger number of people to obtain results at a macro level of the Evolution of the disease and how exercise can assis to or not in the treatment and control of DM2.

With this work it can be concluded that the physical exercise being resisted and the high intensity exercise has a positive effect on the blood glucose of an individual with DM2, promoting the reducion of blood glucose, but this case study showed that HIIT was more beneficial in reducing blood glucose comparedto HIRT and strength training.

References

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