Pancreatic Disorders & Therapy
Open Access

Causes and Symptoms of Biliary Dyskinesia

Ciara Warfvinge^{* *}Correspondence: Ciara Warfvinge, Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, Sant Orsola-Malpighi Hospital Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, Email:

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Description

Biliary dyskinesia is a medical condition that affects the biliary system, which includes the gallbladder, bile ducts, and liver. It is a disorder in which the biliary system does not function properly, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. This condition is often misdiagnosed, as it can present with symptoms similar to those of other conditions such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Some of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of biliary dyskinesia.

Causes of biliary dyskinesia

One of the main causes of biliary dyskinesia is the dysfunction of the sphincter of oddi. When the sphincter of oddi does not function properly, it can lead to the accumulation of bile in the gallbladder, resulting in pain and other symptoms. Another cause of biliary dyskinesia is a problem with the gallbladder's motility. The gallbladder is a small organ that stores bile, which is produced by the liver. The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine when needed to help digest food. When the gallbladder does not contract properly, it can cause the bile to become stagnant, leading to pain and other symptoms.

Symptoms of biliary dyskinesia

The most common symptom is abdominal pain, which can be severe and last for several hours. The pain may occur in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and can radiate to the back and shoulder blades. The pain may also be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Other symptoms of biliary dyskinesia include indigestion, heartburn, and diarrhea. These symptoms are similar to those of other digestive disorders such as IBS and GERD, which can make the diagnosis challenging.

Diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia

The diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia can be challenging, as there is no specific test that can confirm the condition. The diagnosis is usually made based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic tests.

Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history and symptoms, including the frequency and severity of the pain and other symptoms. They will also ask about any family history of digestive disorders.

Physical exam: A physical exam may be performed to check for any signs of inflammation or tenderness in the abdomen.

Blood tests: Blood tests may be ordered to check for signs of inflammation or infection. The doctor may also check for liver function tests to see if there are any abnormalities in the liver.

Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as an ultrasound or MRI may be ordered to check for any abnormalities in the biliary system. These tests can also help rule out other conditions such as gallstones.

Functional tests: Functional tests such as a Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid (HIDA) scan may be ordered to check for any problems with the sphincter of oddi or the gallbladder's motility. During a HIDA scan, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into the patient's bloodstream, and a special camera is used to track its progress through the biliary system.

Treatment of biliary dyskinesia

Biliary dyskinesia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal movements of the gallbladder and the sphincter of oddi, which can lead to various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating. The treatment of biliary dyskinesia typically involves a combination of medications, dietary changes, and surgical interventions, depending on the severity of the symptoms and the underlying cause of the condition. Medications such as antispasmodics and pain relievers may be prescribed to alleviate the discomfort associated with biliary dyskinesia.