With few exceptions [1], genomes of living organisms are made of several segments of DNA, they together form a highly organized structure called chromosome. Chromosomes have highly packed DNA that interacted with basic proteins i.e., histones and non-histone, which also play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression [2]. Thus, Chromosomes are genetic vehicles, which facilitate the reproduction and maintenance of a specie’s traits [3,4]. Theodor a cytologist in 1909 for the first time introduced the term chromosome territory [5], and currently several reviews have focused on this topic [6].

Two models have been proposed that explained different aspects of nuclear Chromosome territory distribution [7]. One model is based on the radial arrangement of CTs found in various types of mammalian cells suggests that gene-dense chromosomes are located more internally as compared gene-poor ones [8-10]. However, in non-cycling cells no such arrangement was found by Bridger et al. [11]. The second model proposed a specific neighbourhood relationship between distinct chromosome domains [7]. However, none of the above models have succeeded in proving beyond any doubt the actual mechanism of the chromosome arrangement.

It is imperative to note that, most of the diseases due to genetic defects are directly related to the chromosomal abnormalities. These abnormalities can be better understood by cytogenetics, the field that deals with the structure and properties of chromosomes and cell division, which is based on various methods, one of them known as “karyotyping.” It is a photographic representation of chromosomes organized in a standard manner. For the first in 1960, fibroblasts were used for karyotyping [12]. Karyotypes are prepared from mitotic cells that are arrested in the metaphase state of the cell cycle, the stage when chromosomes reassume their condensed from. As a source of these cells a variety of tissue can be used. In order to diagnose cancer, typical specimens include bone marrow samples or tumour biopsies [13]. With the development of karyotyping, it has made possible to visualize previously undetectable chromosomal abnormalities such as small deletions of chromosomes and translocations between minute segments of chromosomes with each other [14].

The aim of the current study is to demonstrate to certain extent that the location and arrangement of chromosomes in metaphase in the cells is established by the interrelationship between chromosomes based on karyotype expression data analysis. Further, this analysis may shed light on the understanding of mechanism involved in chromosomal defects in rearrangements and possibly the derivation of methods to prevent them.

We selected data from the National Cancer Institute [15], database on April 26, 2017. There were 10,676 karyotypes of the data sets, with 66,919 cases including karyotype analysis data within chromosomes and among chromosomes. Then we segregated karyotypic analysis data in which the exchange of materials takes place between chromosomes. The data of conventional karyotyping was selected, while the data of complex karyotyping was excluded. Complex karyotyping has its special significance, but in the present condition, there is some interference to the analysis of the data which would be analyzed in the future. Finally, a total of 43,368 valid data sets were collected.

The segregated data sets contains the specific information such as the chromosome number, the long arm and short arm of the chromosome and chromosome division and summarized results. Because of chromosome difference in the gender we calculated the sex chromosomes, X and Y respectively (the statistical data of X chromosome shows a slight increase but has little effect). All data were obtained by means of ordinary accumulation.

Chromosomes short and long arms arrangement

We have found that there is an exchange of materials between the long - long arms, short - long arms and both short arms of chromosome. The high frequency exchange rate was found for long- long arms and short- short arms. It is suggestive that the arrangement of chromosomes in the cells may not be arranged in an “ordered” way, the long arm and the short arm of the chromosome float freely in the cytoplasm of cell during the metaphase. We divided the chromosomes into region 1 and non 1 region to observe the dominance of karyotype analysis data (Tables 1 and 2).