Journal of Leukemia
Open Access

An Overview on Types of Leukemias

Sayed Ali^{* *}Correspondence: Sayed Ali, Department of Oncology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, Email:

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Description

Child leukemia is a leukemia that occurs in kid and is a type of childhood cancer. Leukemia is a hematological malignancy or a tumor of the bloodstream. It develops in the bone marrow and the soft internal part of our bones where new bloodstream cells are manufactured. Any time a child has leukemia, the bone marrow produces white blood cells that do not fully developed correctly. Normal healthy cells only recreate for them. The body will regulate the production of tissue by sending signs of when to stop the production. Any time a child has leukemia, the photovoltaic cells do not reply to the signs telling them when to stop and when to produce cells. The bone marrow becomes congested, leading to problems producing other blood tissue.

Frequent childhood leukemia indications and symptoms include excessive tiredness, easy bleeding or bumps, bone pain and paleness. Leukemia is usually described either as "acute" which expands quickly or "chronic" which grows slowly and gradually. The greater part of childhood leukemia is acute and chronic leukemias are definitely more common in within children. Acute leukemias typically develop and worsen quickly (faster than periods of times to weeks). Long-term leukemias develop over the slower are likely to be more difficult to treat than acute leukemias.

The particular most common form childhood leukemia is acute lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia making up 75%-80% of childhood leukemia diagnoses. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is a form of leukemia that lymphocytes, a type of white bloodstream cells which battles infection. When a patient has almost ALL, the bone marrow makes a lot of premature white bloodstream cells and they do not adult correctly. These white blood cells also do not work to fight contamination. The white blood cells overproduce crowding another bloodstream cells in the bone marrow.

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) balances for the leftover cases of leukemia in children composed of about 20% of childhood leukemia. AML is leukaemia, leukemia in which too many myeloblasts (immature white bloodstream cells) are produced in the bone marrow. The marrow continues to produce abnormal cells that crowd the other white blood tissues and do not work properly to fight infection.

Severe promyelocytic leukemia is a particular type of AML. With this leukemia promyelocytes are produced and build in the bone marrow. A specific chromosome translocation (a type of hereditary change) is found in patients with APL. Genes on chromosome 15 change places with genetics on chromosome 17.

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is uncommon in children but does occur. CML patients have a lot of premature white blood vessels cells being produced and the cellular material crowd one other healthy blood cell. A new chromosome translocation occur in patients with CML. Part of chromosome 9 breaks off and attaches itself to chromosome twenty-two, facilitating exchange of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22. The rearrangement of the chromosomes changes the roles and functions of certain genes which causes uncontrolled mobile growth. Long-term lymphocytic leukemia is another form of chronic leukemia but is extremely rare in children.

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a form of leukemia in which myelomonocytic cells are overproduced. It is sometimes considered a myeloproliferative neoplasm. It is rare and most commonly occurs in children under the age of four. In Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, the myelomonocytic cellular material produced by the bone marrow and invades the spleen organ, lungs and intestinal tract.

Almost all initial symptoms of leukemia are related to problems with the bone-marrow performance. There are a variety of symptoms that children may experience. The facing outward symptoms tend to appear quickly in acute leukemia and slowly after some time in chronic leukemia. Symptoms in types of the child leukemia include:

• Thoughts of fatigue or weakness

• Repetitive attacks or a fever

• Bone and pain

• Neglecting to walk which likely comes from bone pain or fatigue

• Easy blood loss or bruising (including petechiae)

• Increased paleness of skin

• Stomach pain or volume which may cause difficulty breathing or reduction of hunger

• Inflamed lymph nodes under the arms, upper body and neck

• Bigger spleen or liver organ

• Weight loss

• Allergy

The particular exact cause of most all instances of childhood leukemia is not known. The majority of children with leukemia do not have any known danger factors. It has also been suggested that allergies are associated to the development of childhood leukemia but this may not be reinforced by current data. The child leukemia is clinically diagnosed in a variety of ways. The particular diagnostic procedures verify when there is leukemia present, the extent of the leukemia (how far it has spread) and leukemia.