Journal of Medical & Surgical Pathology
Open Access

Advancements in Surgical Treatment of Infectious Agents: A Promising Future

Bonczar Ostrowski^{* *}Correspondence: Bonczar Ostrowski, Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Mikolaja Kopernika, Poland, Email:

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Description

Infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal agents are a major global health concern, and their impact on public health has increased significantly over the years. Despite the development of antibiotics and vaccines, infectious diseases continue to pose a significant threat to human health. In recent years, advancements in surgical treatments for infectious agents have shown promising results in the fight against these diseases. This article will discuss some of the latest surgical treatments for infectious agents and their potential impact on the future of medicine.

One of the most promising surgical treatments for infectious agents is the use of phages. Phages are viruses that can infect and destroy bacteria, and they have been used for decades in Eastern Europe as a treatment for bacterial infections. Phage therapy involves the isolation of specific phages that target specific bacterial strains and then using them to treat bacterial infections. The phages can be delivered through various routes, including oral, topical, or intravenous administration. One advantage of phage therapy is that it specifically targets the infecting bacteria, without harming the surrounding healthy tissue. This specificity may reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance developing.

Another surgical treatment that has shown promise in the treatment of infectious agents is the use of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). HIPEC involves the use of heated chemotherapy drugs that are delivered directly into the abdominal cavity during surgery. This treatment is often used in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis, a cancer that has spread to the lining of the abdominal cavity. However, HIPEC has also been used to treat infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and peritonitis. The heat from the chemotherapy drugs can kill bacteria, and the direct delivery into the abdominal cavity can provide high concentrations of drugs where they are needed most.

Additionally, nanotechnology has shown promise in the field of surgical treatments for infectious agents. Nanoparticles are tiny particles that can be engineered to specifically target and destroy infectious agents. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver antibiotics and antiviral drugs, and they have also been used to treat fungal infections. One advantage of nanoparticles is that they can be targeted to specific cells or tissues, reducing the risk of side effects.

In addition to phage therapy, HIPEC, and nanotechnology, there are other surgical treatments being explored for infectious agents. One such treatment is called bacteriophage endolysin therapy. This therapy involves using enzymes called endolysins, which are produced by bacteriophages to break down the bacterial cell walls, leading to bacterial death. This therapy has shown promise in treating infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, including MRSA.

Another surgical treatment being investigated is the use of bioelectric dressings. These dressings use small electrical currents to disrupt the cell membranes of bacteria, leading to their death. Bioelectric dressings have been used to treat chronic wounds infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Despite the promise of these surgical treatments, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. One challenge is the lack of clinical trials for many of these treatments. Clinical trials are necessary to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these therapies. Another challenge is the cost of these treatments, which may limit their accessibility to those who need them the most.

In conclusion, the advancements in surgical treatments for infectious agents offer new hope in the fight against infectious diseases. The emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and the global burden of infectious diseases necessitate the need for alternative therapies. While more research and clinical trials are needed, these surgical treatments offer promising potential in targeting infectious agents more specifically and with fewer side effects. They may play an essential role in the future of infectious disease management, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

Phage therapy, HIPEC, and nanotechnology are just a few of the many approaches being investigated in the fight against infectious diseases. While antibiotics and vaccines have been the primary treatment for infectious agents for many years, the rise of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and emerging infectious diseases highlight the need for alternative approaches. These new surgical treatments have shown potential in targeting infectious agents more specifically, with fewer side effects, and may play an essential role in the future of infectious disease management.