Reproductive System & Sexual Disorders: Current Research
Open Access

A Comprehensive Overview of In-Vitro Fertilization

Sultana Ahmed^{* *}Correspondence: Sultana Ahmed, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India, Email:

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Description

Nowadays, infertility is becoming a significant concern all over the world as a secondary demand after overcoming the issues of hunger and poverty. According to the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 10% of women (6.1 million) in the United States ages 15-44 have problems getting or becoming pregnant, which directly increases their mental stress as well as that of their families. Despite of fact that the reasons for infertility are generally recognized, a significant proportion of patients continue to have unsatisfactory outcomes.

Since the first In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) child was reported in 1978 by Edwards and Steptoe, IVF has evolved and grown in popularity over the years. In 2008, the number of children delivered with the aid of IVF more than quadrupled compared to 2007 and accounted for more than 1% of all births in the United States. There is no doubt that IVF provides fresh insights into the psychological and societal difficulties associated with infertility.

There may be leftover embryos or eggs following IVF operations if the woman who developed them has successfully brought one or more children to term and no longer desires to use them. These leftover embryos are donated to other couples or women during implantation, with the intention of delivering a successful pregnancy. Embryo recipients usually have genetic problems or have low-quality embryos or eggs of their own.

However, there are other disadvantages and complexities that must be handled. A higher pregnancy rate is always to be predicted with these procedures in general. The low conception rate, especially owing to older age, appears intractable and is still at the same level as it was early this century (30 percent). On the other hand, drugs used for ovary stimulation, particularly longerterm stimulation, have been shown to increase the depletion of the ovarian storage, raising concerns of increased infertility, particularly in older women. Furthermore, in certain situations, ovarian stimulation is not effectively managed, resulting in multiple pregnancies, which is among the primary causes of neonatal morbidity. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown negative outcomes in children born using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), raising concerns about the destinies of individuals born using ARTs. Finally, some studies suggests an increased risk of significant birth problems in IVFconceived offspring due to micro-manipulation of egg cells such as Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), including an increased chance of congenital and sex chromosomal abnormalities.

To decrease multiple pregnancies, several scientific institutions have already started to use elective single embryo transfer. It's feasible that we can enhance or update the procedures and ideas we're using. It may be conceivable to create new drugs that perform no better or worse in terms of ovarian stimulation. It might be possible to reduce perinatal morbidity by having better technology and experienced surgeons.

The ultimate benefit of IVF is a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby. IVF can make this a possibility for those who might be unable to conceive a child.

Blocked tubes: For women who have blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, IVF offers the best chance of conceiving a child using their own eggs.