Andrology-Open Access
Open Access

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Publications

• Review Article   
  Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Male Infertility: Current Understandings and Future Directions
  Author(s): Niloofar Khoshnam-Rad*
  
  Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting the motile cilia in various organ systems, including the reproductive system. With motile cilia crucial for effective mucociliary clearance, dysfunctional cilia can result in chronic respiratory infections and inflammation. PCD impacts male fertility due to defects in sperm production and maturation, affecting approximately 1 in 7,500 people without gender disparity. Despite its prevalence, PCD often remains undiagnosed, highlighting the need for enhanced diagnostic strategies. Clinical presentation varies, with recurrent infections being the most common characteristic. Although most PCD patients develop symptoms in childhood, some experience a delayed presentation until adulthood. Male individuals with PCD are generally at a high risk of infertility due to structural similarities between the axoneme in .. View More»
  

  Abstract PDF