Internal Medicine: Open Access
Open Access

Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq

Publications

• Research Article   
  Availability and Use of Long-Acting Insulin Analogues Including Their Biosimilars across Africa: Findings and Implications
  Author(s): Brian Godman*, Trudy Leong, Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar, Amanj Kurdi, Francis Kalemeera, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Okwen Patrick, Loveline Lum Niba, Kamilou Ibrahim, Adefolarin A Amu, Patrick Matowa, Joseph Acolatse, Robert Incoom, Israel Abebrese Sefah, Sylvia Opanga, Lisper Wangeci Njeri, David Kimonge, Margaret Oluka, Ibrahim Chikowe, Felix Khuluza, Henry Phiri, Dan Kibuule, Ester Hango, Ibrahim Haruna Sani, Oliver Ombeva Malande, Thereza Piloya-Were, Luke Alutuli, Aubrey Chichonyi Kalungia, Blessmore Vimbai Chaibva, Trust Zaranyika, Mainul Haque, Eleonora Allocati, Stephen Campbell, Eunice Twumwaa Adwubi and Olayinka O. Ogunleye
  
  Background: Prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus are growing across Africa with an appreciable number likely to be on insulin to manage their condition. This has significant implications on future morbidity and mortality exacerbated by high complication rates. Complication rates in patients requiring insulins are enhanced by hypoglycaemia. Long acting insulin analogues were developed to reduce hypoglycaemia and improve patient compliance. However, they are typically appreciably more expensive than human and other insulins in Africa, and continuing controversies surrounding their benefits limits their listing on national Essential Medicine Lists (EMLs). Biosimilars can reduce the prices long-acting insulin analogues. This needs assessing. Methods: Mixed methods approach including documentation of insulin utilisation patterns and prices among.. View More»
  DOI: 10.35248/2165-8048.21.11.343

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