Clinical & Experimental Cardiology
Open Access

Abstract

Menopause Transition: Early vs Late Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Diana Ramirez-Hernandez, Diego Lezama-Martinez, Jazmin Flores-Monroy*

Menopause, whether natural or induced, can lead to metabolic imbalances, altered vascular reactivity and cardiac dysfunction. Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) has been explored as a potential protective measure for cardiovascular health during menopause, but conflicting clinical results exist regarding its effects. Studies suggest that early initiation of ERT may be more beneficial, with research like KEEPS and ELITE supporting the "Timing hypothesis." Ovariectomy, a model for menopause, has been shown to cause metabolic and vascular changes, with early ERT potentially preventing cardiac and vascular deterioration. Overall, the timing of ERT initiation is crucial and these findings emphasize the importance of considering the temporal aspects of the menopausal transition in cardiovascular health studies.

Published Date: 2025-06-08; Received Date: 2024-03-07