Journal of Leukemia
Open Access

Abstract

A Review on Plasma Cell Leukemia

Sonia Erfani*

Plasma Cell Leukaemia (PCL) is a plasma cell dyscrasia, or a disease characterized by the malignant degeneration of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. It is the most advanced and dangerous stage of these dyscrasias, accounting for 2% to 4% of all instances of plasma cell malignancies. PCL can manifest as either primary plasma cell leukaemia (in patients who have never had a plasma cell dyscrasia) or secondary plasma cell dyscrasia (in patients who have previously been diagnosed with multiple myeloma). Plasma Cell Leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive kind of plasma cell dyscrasia that can develop from scratch (Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia) or evolve from multiple myeloma that has already been detected and treated (secondary PCL). As a reminder of this diagnosis, we give three clinical examples with extremely distinct appearances. The cases also indicate the length and variability of a patient's journey, which is heavily reliant on financial capability and social support. Because the higher tumour load and more proliferative tumour cells, the clinical presentation is more aggressive, with more cytopenias and organomegaly. The diagnosis is based on the presence of circulating plasma cells in at least 20% of total white blood cells and a peripheral blood absolute plasma cell count of at least 2 109/l. In those who are transplant eligible, treatment with new medications followed by autologous stem cell transplant leads to better results.

Published Date: 2022-03-07; Received Date: 2022-02-07