To truly understand how species' distributions vary through space and time, biogeographers often have to make use of analytical techniques from a wide array of disciplines. As such, these papers cover advances in evolutionary analysis, biodiversity definitions and species distribution modelling .Equally, they reflect the growing understanding that biogeography can include experiments and discuss the pitfalls and opportunities of working with remote-sensing data Finally, biogeography often has meaningful implications for policy, such as in disease modelling and conservation