Current Synthetic and Systems Biology
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Types and Causes of Infectious Diseases and Non-Infectious Diseases

Ping He^{* *}Correspondence: Ping He, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, Email:

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Description

Infectious diseases are illnesses brought on by pathogens dangerous organisms that enter the body from the outside. Pathogens that cause infectious diseases include viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and, in certain rare instances, prions. Infectious diseases can be contracted from other people, insect bites, contaminated food, drink, or soil. Injurious organisms like viruses and bacteria that enter your body from the outside are what cause infectious disorders. Non-infectious diseases are not brought on by external organisms, but rather by genetics, anatomical variations, ageing, and environmental factors. Noninfectious diseases cannot be acquired by contact with other people, insect bites, or food. The flu, measles, HIV, strep throat, COVID-19, and salmonella are examples of infectious diseases. Examples of non-infectious diseases include cancer, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and Alzheimer's disease.

Types

The flu, measles, HIV, strep throat, COVID-19, and salmonella are examples of infectious diseases. Additionally, there is a subset of infectious disorders called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies that is uncommon (TSEs).

Viral infections: A virus is a bit of information (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a defence mechanism (capsid). Viruses cannot replicate on their own because they are considerably smaller than your cells. They enter human cells and use the equipment inside to replicate themselves.

Bacterial infections: Bacteria are single-celled organisms that have a little amount of DNA that contains all of their instructions. There are bacteria everywhere, even on our skin and inside of our bodies. Numerous bacteria are beneficial or even benign, but some of them produce toxins that can make you ill.

Fungal infections: Like bacteria, fungi come in a variety of forms. Your body and they are home to them. You may become ill if your fungus become out of control or if dangerous fungi enter your body by your mouth, nose, or a skin injury.

Parasite infections: Parasites live and breed inside the bodies of other organisms. Parasites include worms (helminths) and various single-celled organisms (protozoa).

Causes

Worldwide, infectious diseases are very frequent, but some are more prevalent than others. Several external factors that enter your body can cause infectious infections. These consist of Prions, Parasites, Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses.

Viruses: Chill, flu, COVID-19, stomach flu, hepatitis, and a common cold.

Bacteria: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and other STIs, as well as urinary tract infections, whooping cough (pertussis), and tuberculosis (UTIs).

Fungi: Thrush, vaginal candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection), ringworm (similar to athlete's foot), and fungal nail infections.

Parasites: Hookworms, pinworms, toxoplasmosis, and giardiasis.

Diseases that are contagious can spread by; there are numerous ways that infectious diseases can spread, depending on the type of infection. Fortunately, there are usually easy ways to avoid getting infected. Pathogens frequently enter your body through your mouth, nose, and skin wounds.

Diseases may propagate, as you sneeze or cough, from person to person. Droplets from sneezing or coughing can occasionally linger in the air. From close physical contact, such as kissing or by utilizing other people's utensils or glasses, on elements like countertops, phones, and doorknobs. From coming into contact with an infected animal's or person's faeces.

Through animal or bug bites (mosquito or tick). From food or water that has been tainted or inadequately prepared. From handling polluted sand or soil (like gardening). From a woman who is expecting to the foetus. From organ or tissue transplants, blood transfusions, or other medical treatments.