Emergency Medicine: Open Access
Open Access

Treating Accidental Trauma Patients in Major Trauma Centers (MTCs)

Diano Stufinjik^{* *}Correspondence: Diano Stufinjik, Department of Oncology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan, Email:

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Description

Physical injuries with a quick start and high degree of severity that demand prompt medical attention are traumatic injuries. Shock trauma, a form of systemic shock, necessitating rapid resuscitation and measures to preserve life and limb. Trauma is a physical injury that can leave wounds, fractured bones, or damaged internal organs. People who suffer bodily trauma frequently also struggle psychologically as a result of the shock of the unanticipated harm. Various external forces that might be either blunt or penetrating can cause traumatic damage (sharp). Falls, auto accidents, crush injuries, physical assaults (punches, kicks), and burns are all examples of blunt trauma. Penetrating injuries include being shot, stabbed, or hitting a sharp item.

A multitude of external pressures that have an impact on the body might result in trauma. Road traffic accidents, falls, violence, sports injuries, and penetration are some of the most frequent causes of traumatic injury. Older people are more likely to fall; falls are one of the leading causes of traumatic injuries. A fall now ranks higher than auto accidents as the most frequent major trauma in some countries. When there has been a substantial trauma, the patient will often be transported to a trauma center, where multidisciplinary teams made up of anesthetists, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and emergency physicians collaborate to treat the injuries as soon as possible. Surgery might be performed right away to lessen the chance of impairment or death.

If the traumatic injury is not life-threatening, it will generally be treated as necessary, sent to a specialized physician. In many circumstances, physical therapy is used to achieve rehabilitation after surgery to address the injury.

A very mild injury could include breaking a bone during a sporting event or slashing people’s finger when opening a metal container. The person will typically be able to stay at home once the injury is treated by a General Practitioner (GP) health clinic, or emergency room, despite the fact that these can be painful or uncomfortable. Traumatic injury, however, might be more serious and necessitate hospital admission for evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation. When a patient initially enters the hospital, the extent of their injuries may not always be immediately evident, necessitating a thorough examination, numerous tests, or even surgery in the initial days.

A scoring system called the injury severity score is used to determine Injury Severity Score (ISS). Every injury has been identified, this score is retroactively determined. Patients with serious injuries may need to be transferred to another hospital for acute care or specialized therapies. Some hospitals are recognized as Major Trauma Centers (MTCs), which are equipped with a comprehensive range of medical specialties for treating patients who have sustained catastrophic injuries or multiple traumas. Trauma Units (TUs), acute hospitals where patients with less serious injuries are treated, are another option. Patient's specialized therapy at an MTC is finished; they may be transferred to a TU closer to their home. Some patients can leave an MTC in right away.

Acute traumatic coagulopathy ensues immediately after massive trauma when shock, hypo perfusion, and vascular damage are present. Protein C activation, endothelial glycocalyx disruption, fibrinogen depletion, and platelet dysfunction are some of the mechanisms causing this. Trauma frequently goes hand-in-hand with conditions like acidaemia and hypothermia, which can exacerbate the endogenous coagulopathy. The "classic trauma trifecta" is a term used to describe the three main causes of trauma-induced coagulopathy: hemodialysis, hypothermia, and acidemia. Reduced clot strength, autoheparinization, and hyper fibrinolysis are the results of all these causes. This dramatically raises the mortality and morbidity ratios and needs to be handled carefully.

Any injury that has the potential to result in long-term incapacity or death is considered a major trauma. The most common cause of traumatic brain damage is a severe blow or jolt to the head or body. Traumatic brain injury can also result from an object passing through brain tissue, such as a gunshot or fractured piece of the skull. Person’s brain cells may suffer a brief effect from mild traumatic brain damage. A more severe traumatic brain injury may cause bleeding, tissue damage, bruises, and other physical harm to the brain. These wounds may lead to long-term problems or even death.