Chemotherapy: Open Access
Open Access

The Role of Mammograms in Post-Surgical Breast Cancer

Lawrence Dershaw^{* *}Correspondence: Lawrence Dershaw, Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA, Email:

Author info »

Description

Breast cancer is a significant health concern affecting millions of women worldwide. Early detection is crucial for improving outcomes, and mammography plays a vital role in identifying breast abnormalities. However, for women who have undergone breast cancer surgery, the question arises: How effective are mammograms in detecting cancer recurrence and monitoring the post-surgical breast? In this article, we will explore the importance of mammograms after breast cancer surgery and make clear on their role in ensuring early detection and monitoring [1].

Breast cancer surgery is a common treatment option and can involve lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast reconstruction. Lumpectomy removes the tumor while preserving the breast, while mastectomy involves removing the entire breast tissue. Breast reconstruction can be performed either immediately or in a delayed fashion.

The role of mammograms, also known as mammography, is lowdose X-ray examinations specifically designed for breast tissue. They are used as a screening tool to detect breast cancer in its early stages when treatment is more effective. Mammograms can detect small tumors or microcalcifications that may not be palpable during a physical examination. Regular mammograms are recommended for women over the age of 40 or as advised by their healthcare provider. Following breast cancer surgery, mammograms remain an essential tool in the surveillance and early detection of cancer recurrence [2]. The frequency and timing of post-surgical mammograms may vary based on individual factors, such as the type and stage of cancer, the extent of surgery, and the recommendations of the treating physician.

For women who have undergone lumpectomy, mammograms are crucial for detecting any new cancerous growth in the remaining breast tissue. Post-surgical mammograms can identify potential recurrence at an early stage, allowing for prompt intervention and improved outcomes. These screenings are typically performed on an annual basis, although some cases may warrant more frequent monitoring.

In the case of mastectomy, mammograms are still relevant, particularly for individuals with a high risk of developing contralateral breast cancer (cancer in the opposite breast). Additionally, mammograms can help detect local recurrences in the chest wall or lymph nodes. However, the efficacy of mammography may be reduced if breast reconstruction involves the use of implants or autologous tissue flaps. In such cases, additional imaging modalities like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or ultrasound may be recommended to complement mammograms [3].

Mammograms after breast cancer surgery present unique challenges. The presence of scar tissue, surgical clips, and implants can make interpretation more challenging, potentially leading to false-positive or false-negative results. Radiologists experienced in post-surgical mammography are essential for accurate readings. Communication between the surgeon and radiologist is crucial to provide detailed information on the surgical procedure, aiding in the interpretation of mammograms. While mammograms are the standard screening method, alternative imaging modalities can be utilized alongside or in place of mammography [4]. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is particularly useful in high-risk patients or when conventional mammograms are inconclusive. Ultrasound imaging is often employed to evaluate specific areas of concern or for surveillance in individuals with dense breast tissue.

Conclusion

Mammograms remain an integral part of post-surgical breast cancer surveillance. They play a crucial role in detecting recurrence, identifying new cancerous growths, and monitoring breast health. While challenges exist, advancements in imaging technology, along with collaboration between healthcare professionals, continue to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of mammograms after breast cancer surgery. By ensuring regular screenings and adopting a multimodal approach when necessary, we can maximize the chances of early detection and ultimately improve outcomes for breast cancer survivors.

References

1. Mandelblatt JS, Lawrence WF, Cullen J. Patterns of care in early-stage breast cancer survivors in the first year after cessation of active treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(2): 77-84.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

2. Rapiti E, Fioretta G, Vlastos G. Breast-conserving surgery has equivalent effect as mastectomy on stage I breast cancer prognosis only when followed by radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2003;69(4): 277-284.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

3. Gage I, Recht A, Gelman R. Long-term outcome following breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;33(1): 245-251.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

4. Orel SG, Fowble BL, Solin LJ. Breast cancer recurrence after lumpectomy and radiation therapy for early-stage disease: Prognostic significance of detection method. Radiology. 1993;188(5): 189-194.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]