Medical & Surgical Urology
Open Access

Risk Factors of Endoscopy, its Applications and Medical Uses

Vinod Vant^{* *}Correspondence: Vinod Vant, Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA, Email:

Author info »

Description

A medical technique called an endoscopy is performed to look inside the body. An endoscope is used during the endoscopic procedure to see inside an organ or other hollow body cavity. Endoscopes are introduced directly into the organ, unlike many other types of imaging procedures in medicine. Endoscopies come in a variety of varieties. An endoscopy may be carried out by a surgeon or a doctor, depending on the location in the body and type of treatment. During the procedure, a patient may be completely conscious or under anaesthesia. Most frequently, an examination of the upper digestive system known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy is referred to as an endoscopy. Similar devices are known as borescopes when used for nonmedical purposes. An endoscopy is a quick treatment that enables a medical professional to peer inside a patient's body using an endoscope. The endoscope can be equipped with a cutting instrument that can be used to do quick treatments including tissue biopsies, banding oesophageal varices, or removing polyps.

Risk factors

The biggest hazards include infection, excessive sedation, bleeding, and perforation or a tear in the lining of the stomach or oesophagus. Although perforation typically necessitates surgery, some circumstances may be managed with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. At the site of a biopsy or polyp excision, bleeding could happen. Such normally small bleeding can just end on its own or could be stopped with cauterization. Surgery is a very rare necessity. During gastroscopy, bleeding and perforation are uncommon. Drug responses and complications associated with potential co-existing disorders for the patient are two small hazards as well. As a result, patients should disclose to their doctor any allergic tendencies and health issues. On rare occasions, the injection site of the sedative may experience a brief period of inflammation and tenderness. Warm compresses for a few days are typically beneficial and this is typically not serious. While any of these issues could arise, they all happen very infrequently. In addition, a doctor might go over potential hazards with the patient in relation to their specific need for a gastroscopy.

Applications

• Borescopes are utilised for non-medical purposes, such as internal inspection of sophisticated technical systems. These resemble endoscopes in many ways.

• The planning and architectural community pre-visualizes prospective buildings and cities using architectural endoscopy.

• Endoscopes are also a useful tool for bomb disposal specialists to examine homemade explosive devices.

• Law enforcement utilises them to perform surveillance in confined locations.

Medical uses

Endoscopy can be performed to examine digestive symptoms such vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, swallowing issues, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. It is also used to make diagnoses, most frequently by taking a biopsy to look for diseases like anaemia, bleeding, inflammation, and digestive system malignancies. A bleeding vessel may be cauterised, a small oesophagus may be widened, a polyp may be cut off, or a foreign object may be removed with this technique. It is recommended by specialised professional organisations that focus on digestive issues that many people with Barrett's oesophagus undergo too many endoscopies. These organisations advise people with Barrett's oesophagus who have not developed cancer symptoms after two biopsies to have them done when needed and no more frequently than that. Endoscopy can be used by medical professionals to examine any of the following body parts. The gastrointestinal tract is made up of the following organs:

• Small intestine (enteroscopy)

• Large intestine/colon

• Oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum

• Endoscopy with magnification

• The bile duct

• Intraoperative cholangioscopy, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP), and duodenoscopeassisted cholangiopancreatography

• Proctoscopy is also used to refer to the rectum (rectoscopy) and anus (anoscopy).