Practical DNA markers to Estimate Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Skin Color, Ethylene Production and Pathogen Resistance

Teppei Kikuchi^#, Ichiro Kasajima^#, Mizuki Morita and Nobuyuki Yoshikawa^*

Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan

^#Contributed equally to this work

^*Corresponding Author: Nobuyuki Yoshikawa, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan, Tel: +81-19-621-6150 Exn. +81-19-621-6150 Email: