Journal of Perioperative Medicine
Open Access
ISSN: 2684-1290
ISSN: 2684-1290
Perspective - (2022)Volume 5, Issue 2
After surgical trauma, pain is a major issue. Pain after surgery can be caused for a variety of reasons, including inflammatory, visceral, or somatic, and it can become chronic if not managed effectively. The incidence of postoperative pain has been reported to be as high as 60%, and it is not totally resolved despite intense effort.
The majority of surgeries are becoming less invasive and more outpatient-based on a time-dependent basis. Apart from surgical advancements, this trend is mostly contingent on efficient pain management and the reduction of adverse effects related to the treatment. The other key components of pain management are opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Both of them have significant side effects that may limit their usage. The modern idea of pain therapy involves a multimodal strategy that focuses on reducing opioid use in combination with other medications or procedures to reduce adverse side effects of drugs, particularly in postoperative respiratory depression.
There has been no convincing evidence for the benefits of regional anaesthesia on postoperative mortality, cardiovascular complications, or the incidence of thromboembolism when thromboprophylaxis is used concurrently till today. It may also reduce morbidity, including postoperative pulmonary complications, after major abdominal surgery and may improve patient recovery after orthopaedic surgery. Regional anaesthesia has also revealed to lower the postoperative pain, narcotic usage, and related side effects such as nausea and vomiting.
Various surgical treatments only use the central neuraxial blocks or in combination with catheter approaches to reduce medically caused stress and inflammation, to improve pulmonary functions, and reduce ambulation time with better treatment. According to a meta-analysis, postoperative pain treatment with local anaesthetic infusion combined with long-term catheter implantation reduced the occurrence of chronic pain.
The other form of regional approach is peripheral nerve blocks. Ultrasound technological advancements may expand the clinical applications of peripheral nerve and truncal blocks. The use of real-time ultrasound during the block could reduce complications, performance time, and the amount of local anaesthesia required. It also allows the reappraisal of previous approaches that may have had difficulties, and with a more clinical experience, the rate of success may increase. When compared to central neuraxial blocks or catheter applications, peripheral nerve blocks appear to have fewer systemic adverse side effects due to sympathetic blocking and a lower incidence of minor problems such as urine retention. In individuals with severe comorbid disease, peripheral nerve blocks appear to be safer than central neuraxial blocks or general anaesthesia.
Dexketoprofen or paracetamol in addition with lidocaine were also compared for the same reason. Dexketoprofen enhanced the length of motor block and decreased pain levels, and groups receiving paracetamol or dexketoprofen consumed fewer analgesics.
In paediatric patients, caudal anaesthesia is routinely used for surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia. The effects of rectal midazolam in combination with caudal anaesthesia on sedative quality and postoperative analgesia were studied, but no meaningful impact was found.
Gabapentin, a neuropathic pain medication, is also being observed to see if it has any benefits for postoperative analgesia. The effect of gabapentin medication on postoperative pain control was examined, and it was discovered that gabapentin was an effective postoperative analgesic in a variety of surgical procedures.
Pain is a prevalent complaint among individuals of all ages. Regional anaesthesia is an important element of postoperative analgesia, which is still a developing field. It's worth emphasising that future research and technological breakthroughs in regional anaesthesia will help to improve postoperative pain control.
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Author has decline to have conflict of interest
Citation: Edwards M (2022) General Perspective on Pain Management Using Anesthesia. J Perioper Med. 5:126.
Received: 11-May-2022, Manuscript No. JPME-22-17363; Editor assigned: 17-May-2022, Pre QC No. JPME-22-17363 (PQ); Reviewed: 01-Jun-2022, QC No. JPME-22-17363; Revised: 08-Jun-2022, Manuscript No. JPME-22-17363 (R); Published: 15-Jun-2022 , DOI: 10.35248/2684-1290.22.5.126
Copyright: © 2022 Edwards M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.