Effects of Multimodal Interventions for Primary Prevention of CVD on Depression, Anxiety, and the Type D Personality

Niecke Alexander^1*, Birna Bjarnson-Wehrens², Detlef Bernd Gysan³, Hans Georg Predel⁴, Christine Zu Eulenburg⁵, Hans Georg Predel⁶ and Christian Albus⁷

¹Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany

²Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Department Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport and Exercise Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany

³Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, GmbH Cologne, Germany

⁴Health service of the Ford Motor Company, GmbH Cologne, Germany

⁵Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

⁶Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport and Exercise Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany

⁷Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany

^*Corresponding Author: Niecke Alexander, Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany, Tel: ++49 221 478 4298, Fax: ++49 221 478 3103 Email: