Driving, Opioid-maintenance, and Co-medications: A Comprehensive Assessment of 22 Cases

Pekka Rapeli^1,2,3, Pekka Kuikka⁴, Hanna Sillanpää⁵, Carola Fabritius⁶, Kaarlo Simojoki⁷, Hely Kalska³, Pirjo Lillsunde⁸ and Hannu Alho^2,9*

¹Unit for Drug Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland

²Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland

³Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland

⁴Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

⁵Medical School, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

⁶Social Services and Health Department, City of Helsinki, Finland

⁷A Clinic Foundation, Metropolitan region, Espoo A-clininic and Rehabilitation Center, Finland

⁸Injury Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

⁹Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland

^*Corresponding Author: Hannu Alho, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, PO 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland Email: