Lupus: Open Access
Open Access

Different Types of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Siringi Mounika^{* *}Correspondence: Siringi Mounika, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Care Hospital, United States, Email:

Author info »

Description

Lupus, also known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system of the body destroys healthy tissue throughout the body.

Symptoms vary from one to person and can range from minor to severe. Painful and swollen joints, fever, chest discomfort, hair loss, mouth ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, tiredness, and a red rash on the face are all typical symptoms.

There are several periods of sickness, known as flares, followed by periods of remission, in which there are minimal symptoms.

Types of lupus

There five major types of lupus, they are as follows:

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

• Lupus Limited to the Skin

• Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus

• Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus

• Childhood Lupus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The most severe kind of lupus is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). This is the form of lupus most people are talking about when they say "lupus." SLE affects a variety of organs, including the skin, joints, and kidneys.

Lupus of the skin

• Acute cutaneous lupus

• Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, or discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)

• Sub-acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Although each kind of lupus has its unique set of lesions and patterns, a skin biopsy may be required to identify it.

Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

A rash that can cause severe scars is the most common symptom of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, or DLE. It usually appears on your face, neck, and scalp, but it can also appear on or in your ears, and on your upper torso in rare cases. The margins of these scaly regions gradually grow and eventually heal; leaving discoloured skin and sunken scars. Hair loss might be permanent if you have DLE on your scalp. Smokers and African-Americans are more likely to get this form of lupus.

Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus

This kind of lupus is different from SLE and is brought on by the use of specific prescription medications. Drug-induced lupus presents similarly to SLE, with joints and inflammation around the lungs. The following medications have been linked to druginduced lupus:

• Hydralazine is a drug that is used to treat high blood pressure or hypertension (usually).

• Procainamide is a drug that is used to treat irregular heart rhythms (occasionally).

• Isoniazid is a TB drug.

• Minocycline is a drug that is used to treat acne.

• Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondyloarthropathy are all treated with anti-TNF.

Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus

Neonatal lupus is an unusual disease that affects new-born’s whose mothers have anti-Ro or anti-La antibodies. The mother's antibodies affect the baby's cardiac conduction system. The baby may have a skin rash, liver issues, or a low blood cell count when he or she is born.

Childhood Lupus

The lupus that affects youngsters has the same effects on the body as adult lupus. Boys, on the other hand, are more prone than men to have juvenile lupus, and paediatric lupus generally affects particular organs, such as the kidneys, to a larger extent. Kidney illness is roughly 2-times as common in children with lupus than it is in adults. Although paediatric lupus often need more severe treatment than adult lupus, clinicians must be aware of the dangers associated with long-term use of particular medicines (e.g., prednisone).