Journal of Infectious Diseases & Preventive Medicine
Open Access

Corona Virus: Introduction and its Impact on Human Health

Priyanka Singh^{* *}Correspondence: Priyanka Singh, Department of Pharmacology, MC Sexena Medical College, Lucknow, India, Email:

Author info »

Description

Many forms of coronaviruses are available. Some give you the cold that's normal. A disease called COVID-19 is caused by the latest coronavirus behind the 2019-2021 pandemic. COVID-19, the disease caused by coronavirus, begins with droplets from the cough, sneeze, or breath of an infected person. That gives the virus a passage through your throat to the mucous membranes. The virus is heading down your breathing tract. The coronavirus and the flu virus are similar, but because of the two viruses, the degree of lung damage caused varies. Coronavirus can affect the vessels of the blood, causing serious damage to not only the lungs, but also to other vital body organs. Your mouth, nose, throat, and lungs are part of the airway. There are more ACE2 receptors in your lower airways than in the rest of your respiratory tract. COVID-19 is also more likely to go deeper than viruses such as the common cold. A large variety of diseases, including the common cold and COVID-19, can be caused by coronaviruses. These usually affect the respiratory system, but other systems may also be affected. The common cold, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) can be caused by coronaviruses in humans.

A coronavirus also causes the disease of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19). This condition results from infection with extreme coronavirus-2 Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is responsible so far for an ongoing pandemic and over 2 million deaths. Large, single-stranded RNA viruses with crownlike protein spikes on their surfaces are coronaviruses. Such spikes help them bind to cells and join them. The modern coronavirus, and the infection caused by it, is relatively new to the world and to medical experts. Although the virus is more than 60% identical to the SARS virus that triggered the 2003 epidemic, new evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is probably smarter than other viruses that the world has seen in the past. By early May 2020, the number of new COVID-19 infections in all countries had begun to rise exponentially, threatening the ability of health systems to cope with all incoming cases. ICU capacity preparation immediately became a first-order issue, and the health authorities were in desperate need of tools to estimate the pandemic-related demand for urgent care.

Coronaviruses are transmitted by droplets from coughs, sneezes, or breathing among people. The droplets on an object like a door handle can fall on another human. A person is at risk of developing COVID-19 after being exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Someone with the infection may have symptoms or may not. SARS-CoV-2 tends to move from person to person by respiratory droplets, like other coronaviruses. When within the body, it affects the lungs mainly. Breathing help, which may include intubation and mechanical ventilation, is often needed by people who require hospital care. This, too, may increase the risk of lung accidents.

Post COVID Immunological reactions If, even after infection has subsided, COVID-19 antigens, which are substances that cause the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus, continue to be in the body, then the body may continue to undergo immunological reactions. This implies that the person can continue to have a fever that is less than 100ºF.

This is the state in which fever is persistent along with elevated inflammation measured by the amount of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Post COVID Persistent inflammation. This implies that the patient often feels pain in the joints, muscles, discs, ligaments, tendons, fascia, among other regions, along with fever.

We have found several cases in which symptoms continue to linger after COVID. The nose and brain are the major organs which continue to be affected by COVID-19 even after patients have recovered. Some individuals lose the sense of smell and some suffer from prolonged disorientation and uncertainty. A chronic sense of tiredness and fatigue is also experienced by some people.

If the patient has no underlying conditions such as hypertension, heart complications, obesity, and others, the risk and severity of the person experiencing muscle loss would be lower. But if the person has any underlying problems and their capacity to withstand infections is poor, then over a long period of time, they will experience weakness.