Journal of Alcoholism & Drug Dependence
Open Access

Cirrhosis Due to Alcohol Abuse: A Preventable and Treatable Disease

Jeeven Sachent^{* *}Correspondence: Jeeven Sachent, Department of Drug Abuse, Western Illinois University, Illinois, USA, Email:

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Description

Cirrhosis is a chronic and irreversible liver disease that occurs due to the scarring of liver tissue, leading to liver malfunction. The liver is responsible for filtering toxins from the body, and when it is damaged, it can no longer perform this crucial function. One of the leading causes of cirrhosis is alcohol abuse, which is characterized by excessive and prolonged consumption of alcohol.

Causes of cirrhosis

The liver breaks down alcohol into harmless byproducts, but excessive drinking can lead to a buildup of toxins in the liver, causing inflammation and scarring. Over time, the liver becomes increasingly damaged, leading to cirrhosis. The amount of alcohol required to cause cirrhosis varies from person to person, depending on factors such as age, gender, and overall health. However, chronic and heavy alcohol use is the most significant risk factor for developing cirrhosis.

Symptoms of cirrhosis

Cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse may not cause any noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms can become more severe and can include the following.

• Fatigue and weakness.

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

• Nausea and vomiting.

• Loss of appetite and weight loss.

• Abdominal pain and swelling.

• Itchy skin.

• Easy bruising and bleeding.

• Confusion and difficulty concentrating.

• Swelling in the legs and ankles.

• Spider-like blood vessels on the skin.

If the person experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately, as cirrhosis can lead to lifethreatening complications.

Complications of cirrhosis

Cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse can lead to several complications, including the following.

Portal hypertension: This occurs when the blood flow through the liver is blocked, causing high blood pressure in the portal vein. This can lead to swelling in the legs and abdomen and an increased risk of bleeding.

Ascites: This is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, causing swelling and discomfort.

Hepatic encephalopathy: This occurs when toxins build up in the bloodstream due to the liver's inability to filter them out. This can cause confusion, difficulty concentrating, and even coma.

Liver cancer: Cirrhosis increases the risk of developing liver cancer.

Treatment of cirrhosis

The most effective treatment for cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse is to stop drinking alcohol. This can help to slow or even stop the progression of the disease. In some cases, if the liver damage is not severe, it may be possible to reverse it completely by abstaining from alcohol. In severe cases of cirrhosis, liver transplant surgery may be necessary. This involves replacing the damaged liver with a healthy one from a donor. However, not everyone is eligible for a liver transplant and the procedure can be expensive and risky.

Prevention of cirrhosis

The best way to prevent cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse is to limit alcohol consumption.

Cirrhosis due to alcohol abuse is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that can be prevented by reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and prevent complications.

With the right treatment and support, it is possible to overcome alcohol addiction and prevent cirrhosis from developing.