Internal Medicine: Open Access
Open Access

Chronic Renal Failure in Patients with Infectious Endocarditis: Risk Prediction

Ruiz Li^{* *}Correspondence: Ruiz Li, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, Email:

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Description

Chronic kidney disease, also referred to as chronic kidney failure, is characterized by a progressive loss of renal function. The kidneys filter the blood of wastes and surplus fluid, which is subsequently expelled through urine. Kidney illness also increases the risk of developing heart and blood vessel disease. These problems could take a long time to emerge gradually. Early detection and treatment can frequently stop chronic renal disease from getting worse.

Renal failure may develop as kidney disease progresses, necessitating dialysis or a kidney transplant to stay alive. The patient body may accumulate harmful quantities of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes if they were in advanced form of chronic renal disease. They might not have many symptoms when chronic kidney disease first manifests.

Symptoms

Most patients with renal disease may not have any noticeable symptoms until it is somewhat advanced. However, the person might also notice that he experience muscle cramping at night, puffiness around thier eyes, especially in the morning, dry, itchy skin, and a greater need to urinate, particularly at night. They might also feel more tired and have less energy, have trouble concentrating, have a poor appetite, and have trouble sleeping.

Diagnosis

To diagnose kidney disease and determine its severity, the patient might also need specific testing and treatments. Tests include:

Blood testing: Kidney function tests measure the amount of waste products in your blood, including urea and creatinine. Analyzing a sample of the urine can reveal anomalies that indicate chronic kidney failure and assist in determining the underlying cause of chronic kidney disease.

Ultrasound examinations: To determine the size and structure of the kidneys, the doctor may utilize imaging tests. In some circumstances, other imaging tests might be used. A kidney biopsy, which entails taking a sample of kidney tissue for testing, may be suggested by the doctor.

Treatment

Treatment for chronic renal disease usually aims to address the underlying cause in order to decrease the progression of kidney damage. However, even if the kidney disease's root cause were to be eliminated, the damage would still continue to worsen. Endstage renal failure brought on by chronic kidney disease is fatal without mechanical filtering (dialysis) or a kidney transplant. High blood pressure can get worse in kidney disease patients. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers are frequently prescribed by doctors to decrease blood pressure and protect kidney function. High blood pressure medications have the potential to impact electrolyte levels and initially compromise kidney function, the patient may need frequent blood tests to monitor his condition. Additionally,the physician might advise a diuretic (water tablet) drugs to reduce edema. Fluid retention is common in those who have chronic renal disease. High blood pressure and limb edema may result from this. The fluid equilibrium in your body can be preserved with the aid of drugs referred to as diuretics.

End stage treatment

Dialysis: Dialysis can remove waste and extra fluid from the blood when your kidneys are unable to do so. A machine separates waste and extra fluid from the blood during hemodialysis. A little tube that is placed into the abdomen fills the abdominal cavity with a dialysis solution that removes waste and extra fluid during peritoneal dialysis. The waste is removed from the body with the dialysis solution as it eventually drains from the body.

An organ transplant: A healthy kidney from a donor is surgically implanted into the body during a kidney transplant. Both living and deceased donors are able to provide kidneys for transplant. The patient may require lifelong medication after a transplant to prevent thier body from rejecting the new organ. Dailysis is not needed for such patients.