Cell & Developmental Biology
Open Access

Brief Note on Integral Role of Developmental Biology in Toxicology

Olivier Ping^{* *}Correspondence: Olivier Ping, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA, Email:

Author info »

Description

Developmental biology, the study of how organisms grow and develop, has become an invaluable tool in the field of toxicology. Toxicology traditionally focuses on understanding the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. However, the incorporation of developmental biology into toxicological studies has opened new avenues for a more comprehensive assessment of environmental risks [1]. This article explores the applications of developmental biology in toxicology and highlights its significance in enhancing our understanding of the impacts of toxic substances on both individuals and populations.

Revolutionary approaches to assess environmental risks

Embryonic development as a sensitive indicator: One of the key contributions of developmental biology to toxicology is its ability to provide a sensitive indicator of environmental stressors during embryonic development. The early stages of development are often highly susceptible to external factors, making them crucial windows for toxicological assessments. Researchers can observe and analyze how exposure to toxicants influences the formation of organs and tissues for potential long-term consequences [2].

Teratogenicity studies: Developmental biology plays a central role in teratogenicity studies, which focus on identifying substances that can cause birth defects. By understanding the intricate processes of embryonic development, toxicologists can identify specific critical periods during which exposure to certain toxins may result in malformations [3]. This knowledge is vital for developing targeted regulations and preventive measures to safeguard both human and wildlife populations.

Stem cells in toxicity testing: The use of stem cells in toxicology represents a groundbreaking application of developmental biology. Stem cells, with their ability to differentiate into various cell types, offer a dynamic platform for assessing the effects of toxic substances on specific cell lineages. This approach allows for more accurate predictions of toxicity outcomes and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying adverse effects [4,5].

Epigenetics and developmental origins of health and disease: The intersection of developmental biology and epigenetics has paved the way for a deeper understanding of how early-life exposures to toxicants can influence health outcomes later in life [6]. The concept of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease emphasizes the importance of the prenatal and early postnatal periods in shaping an individual's susceptibility to diseases. Toxicologists now consider not only the immediate effects of exposure but also the potential for long-term health consequences arising from developmental disruptions [7,8].

Population-level impact assessment: Developmental biology in toxicology extends beyond individual-level assessments to evaluate the population-level impacts of environmental toxicants [9]. By examining how toxins affect reproductive success, fertility, and overall population dynamics, researchers gain a comprehensive view of the ecological consequences of exposure. This knowledge is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of toxicants on biodiversity [10].

Conclusion

Incorporating developmental biology into toxicological studies represents a paradigm shift in our approach to assessing environmental risks. By focusing on the intricate processes of embryonic development, leveraging stem cell technologies, and exploring epigenetic mechanisms, toxicologists can unravel the complex interactions between toxic substances and living organisms. This holistic perspective not only enhances our ability to predict and prevent adverse effects but also contributes to the development of more effective regulatory frameworks aimed at protecting both human health and the environment. As we continue to advance our understanding of developmental biology, the synergy between this field and toxicology holds the promise of creating a safer and healthier future for generations to come.

References

1. Atkinson JW. An atlas of light micrographs of normal and lobeless larvae of the marine gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta. Int J Invert Reprod Dev. 1987;9(2):169–178.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

2. Clement AC . Development of the vegetal half of the Ilyanassa egg after removal of most of the yolk by centrifugal force, compared with the development of animal halves of similar visible composition. Dev Biol. 1968;17(2):165–186. 

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

3. Dan-Sohkawa M, Fujisawa H. Cell dynamics of the blastulation process in the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. Dev Biol. 1980;77(2):328-339. 

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

4. Freeman G, Lundelius JW. The developmental genetics of dextrality and sinistrality in the gastropodLymnaea peregra. Wilehm Roux Arch Dev Biol. 1982;191(2):69-83.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

5. Goldstein B. Induction of gut in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Nature. 1992;357(6375):255-7. 

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

6. Ashby J, Paton D. The influence of chemical structure on the extent and sites of carcinogenesis for 522 rodent carcinogens and 55 different human carcinogen exposures. Mutat Res. 1993;286(1):3-74.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

7. Wright JT, Hansen L, Mahler J, Szczesniak C, Spalding JW. Odontogenic tumours in the v-Ha-ras (TG.AC) transgenic mouse. Arch Oral Biol. 1995;40(7):631-638.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

8. Trempus CS, Mahler JF, Ananthaswamy HN, Loughlin SM, French JE, Tennant RW. Photocarcinogenesis and susceptibility to UV radiation in the v-Ha-ras transgenic Tg.AC mouse. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;111(3):445-451.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

9. Spalding JW, Momma J, Elwell MR, Tennant RW. Chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in a transgenic mouse line (TG.AC) carrying a v-Ha-ras gene. Carcinogenesis. 1993;14(7):1335-1341.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

10. Rao GN, Haseman JK, Edmondson J. Influence of viral infections on body weight, survival, and tumor prevalence in Fischer 344/NCr rats on two-year studies. Lab Anim Sci. 1989 Sep;39(5):389-393.

    [Google Scholar] [PubMed]