Advanced Techniques in Biology & Medicine
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Anti-diabetic and Anti-cholesterolmic effects of bittergourd(mommordica charantia Linn) fresh fruit juice metabolites to cure Alloxan Monohydrate induced Type-1 diabetes in Albino Rats

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Introduction

As per king et al. [1] incidence of diabetes in India will increase by 195% in 2025. This affecting both ruler and urban populations at alarming rate [2]. Diabetes is a potentially devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. The central identifying feature of diabetes is chronic and substantial elevation of the circulating glucose level and underlying goal of all diabetes management are to maintain an optimum blood glucose level. Progress in understanding the diabetes over the past few years has led to significant advances in regimen for treatment of this devastating disease [3]. In recent years, several plant extracts have been examined for their anti-diabetic properties in an effort to identify alternative treatment strategies [4]. Although various types of hypoglycemic agents are available like Sulphonylureas, Biguanide alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, glucagon like peptide analogs, Dipeptidyl peptidase–4 inhibitors, PPAR–y agonist etc. are in use. Recently SGLT 2 inhibitors (in kidney), Aldolase reductase inhibitors, agonists of fibroblast growth factors– 21(FGF-21) are being explored. Several side effects associated with the use of such oral or injectable hypoglycemic agent during or after treatment have been reported [5,6].There has been increasing demand of plant products with medicinal activity due to low cost, easy availability and lesser side effects [7]. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn) member of cucurbitacea family. Better gourd have been reported to antidote for diabetes, stomachpain, wounds, tumors, colic, inflammation, malaria, rheumatism, malaria and fevers [8,9]. It decrease the blood glucose levels [10,11] as well as cholesterol levels [12]. Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the anti- diabetic and anti-cholesterolmic properties in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetes in albino rats.

Aim of the Study

The aim was to present study was to investigate the effect of Momordic charantia fresh fruit juice on blood glucose levels in experimental rats given after successful establishment of type1 diabetes to examine its role as therapeutic efficacy and to see it's enfluence, if any prevention of type 1diabetes.

Material and Methods

Plant Materials: The better gourd fruit used for present investigation. It was obtained from the vegetable market of Darbhanga, India.

Momordica charantia Fruit Juice:-

Firstly, better gourd was cleaned and extracted the juice.

Male albino rats (200–230g and 10–12 weeks) were used as experimental animals. Animals were procured from local supplier of Darbhanga, India. The rats were acclimatized for 7 days. All the animals were fed with rodent pellet diet. Water was allowed ad-libitum under strict hygienic condition. Juice was administered orally with the help of intubation tube.

Induction of Diabetes

Alloxan Monohydrate is a toxic glucose analogue which selectively destroys insulin producing cell in pancreas. This causes insulin dependent diabetes mellitus called "Alloxan Diabetes" [13]. Alloxan monohydrate was obtained from Explicit Chemicals Pvt.Ltd,Pune, India. Blood glucose levels were monitored regularly with the help of digital glucometer (Dr. Morepen gluco one) 72 hours of alloxan monohydrate injection the diabetic rats (blood glucose levels greater than 280 mg/dl) were separated. Treatment was started except normal control and diabetic control rats. During experimental periods,animals in all group were given to standard water and pellet diet. Blood glucose was monitored by digital glucometer.

Experimental Design

Group A–Normal Control

Group B–Diabetic control

Group C–Alloxan +Momordica charantia fruit Juice treatment

Group D–Alloxan+Insulin treatment

Results and Discussion

A significant rise in fasting blood glucose levels was recorded in diabetic control when compared to normal control rats. Anti–diabetic and anti– cholesterolmic activity were recorded in Momordica charantia fruit juice treated rats on 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day post treatment. The serum cholesterol and blood glucose of diabetic control animals were higher than that of other experimental group. Anti-cholesterolmic and hyperglycemic effects were recorded in juice and insulin administered animals. The results are shown in Table 1 and 2, Momordica charantia juice was found more effective than that of insulin treatment group. The result of the present investigation indicate that Momordica charantia fruit juice have the property to lowers the blood gluucose and serum cholesterol levels. Alloxan monohydrate facilitates the production of free radicals and causes the tissue damage. The beta cells of pancreas are susceptible to such damage. It appeares from the present investigation that the Momordica charantia fresh fruit juice might have tissue repairable and restorative capacities. Kumar et al. [14] has also reported beet root juice treated rat shows reduction of blood glucose in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. Finding in this regard with Momordica charantia fresh fruit juice and beet root juice were also nodifferent.Insulin secreating activity of Hibiscus rosa leaf extract seen in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Kamala et al. [15,16] has reported that oral administration of fruit juice of Momordica charantia fruit juice lead to marked lowering of blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced experimental model. Raji KP et al. [17– 19] have also demonstrated that anti-diabetic and anti–cholesterolmic effect of edible mashroom (Pleurotus eous) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Findings in the present study too are in accord with the findings discussed above, Momordica charantia fresh fruit juice has been widely used for curing various maladies. Present investigation will be helpful in establishing a scientific basis for anti- diabetic and anti- cholesteromic uses of better gourd fresh fruit juice in alloxan induced experimental animal models. However, much more studies are still required to explore the other potential of this fresh fruit juice.

Table 1: Effect of Momordica charantia Juice on fasting blood glucose levels in Alloxan Induced diabetic rats and normal rats.

Table 2: Effect of Momordica charantia Juice on serum cholesterol levels in Alloxan Induced diabetic rats and normal rats.

Conclusion

Since diabetes is a chronic disorder requiring long term therapy there is need to access the effect and efficacy of some plant fruit juice of medicinal values so that alternative therapies evolved to minimize the circulating blood glucose. Western life style is on the sharp rise in India and so is the rise and prevalence of the disease, diabetes. The cost of treatment is already ruining many families in ruler India. Hence the research of this kind appears to be grate greater importance in evolving some cheap alternative therapies.

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to Head, University Department of Zoology, LN Mithila University, Darbhanga, India for the lab facilities provided. The authors are also thankful to Mr. Dinesh Munot Explicit Chemical Pvt.Ltd. Pune for providing free sample of Alloxan monohydrate for the present investigati

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