Dentistry

Mahmoud El Refai

Publications

• Research Article
  Evaluation of Level of TNF-α in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus after Phase I Periodontal Therapy
  Author(s): Omneya M. Elkadi, Gihane Gharib Madkour, Hala Salem Elmenoufy and Mahmoud El RefaiOmneya M. Elkadi, Gihane Gharib Madkour, Hala Salem Elmenoufy and Mahmoud El Refai
  
  Background: There is little number of studies that address the inter-relationship of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and periodontitis during pregnancy. Hence, this study was conducted to provide further evidence in the possible association between chronic periodontitis and GDM by evaluating the level of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) of chronic periodontitis patients with GDM after phase I periodontal therapy. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted on 40 subjects divided into 2 groups: 20 pregnant females suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus associated with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and 20 systemically free pregnant females suffering from moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. The periodontal status of the subjects was assessed at baseline before phase I periodontal therapy and 2 months after co.. View More»
  DOI: 10.4172/2161-1122.1000481

  Abstract PDF