Anatomy & Physiology: Current Research
Open Access

Abstract

The Anatomical Basis of Personalized Surgical Planning

Owen Mac Leod

Personalized surgical planning is transforming modern healthcare by shifting from standardized operative approaches to patient specific strategies based on individual anatomical characteristics. Advances in medical imaging, three Dimensional (3D) visualization, computational modeling, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and precision medicine have enabled surgeons to understand anatomical variations with unprecedented accuracy before entering the operating room. Traditional surgical planning relied primarily on two-dimensional radiographic images, anatomical landmarks and the surgeon's clinical experience. While these methods have been highly effective for decades, they often provide limited information regarding the complex spatial relationships among blood vessels, nerves, muscles and organs. Individual anatomical variation presents additional challenges because no two patients possess identical anatomical structures.

Published Date: 2025-06-02; Received Date: 2025-05-02