Anatomy & Physiology: Current Research
Open Access
ISSN: 2161-0940
ISSN: 2161-0940
Alejandro Castillo
Exercise is one of the most powerful physiological stimuli affecting the human body, eliciting coordinated responses across multiple organ systems that improve health, physical performance and disease resistance. Traditionally, exercise physiology focused on individual systems such as cardiovascular or muscular function. However, recent scientific advances have emphasized an integrative physiology approach, recognizing that exercise performance and recovery are governed by continuous interactions among the cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, endocrine, nervous, immune and metabolic systems. Human exercise performance depends on the efficient integration of several physiological systems. During physical activity, the cardiovascular system increases cardiac output and redistributes blood flow to working muscles, ensuring adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery while removing metabolic waste products.
Published Date: 2025-08-04; Received Date: 2025-07-04